http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/06/16/1520844113.abstractdoi: 10.1073/pnas.1520844113
Choongwon Jeong, Andrew T. Ozga, David B. Witonsky, Helena Malmström, Hanna Edlund, Courtney A. Hofman, Richard W. Hagan, Mattias Jakobsson, Cecil M. Lewis, Mark S. Aldenderfer, Anna Di Rienzo, and Christina Warinner
Abstract
The high-altitude transverse valleys [>3,000 m above sea level (masl)] of the Himalayan arc from Arunachal Pradesh to Ladahk were among the last habitable places permanently colonized by prehistoric humans due to the challenges of resource scarcity, cold stress, and hypoxia. The modern populations of these valleys, who share cultural and linguistic affinities with peoples found today on the Tibetan plateau, are commonly assumed to be the descendants of the earliest inhabitants of the Himalayan arc. However, this assumption has been challenged by archaeological and osteological evidence suggesting that these valleys may have been originally populated from areas other than the Tibetan plateau, including those at low elevation. To investigate the peopling and early population history of this dynamic high-altitude contact zone,
we sequenced the genomes (0.04×–7.25×, mean 2.16×) and mitochondrial genomes (20.8×–1,311.0×, mean 482.1×) of eight individuals dating to three periods with distinct material culture in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) of Nepal, spanning
3,150–1,250 y before present (yBP). We demonstrate that the region is characterized by
long-term stability of the population genetic make-up despite marked changes in material culture. The ancient genomes, uniparental haplotypes, and high-altitude adaptive alleles suggest a high-altitude East Asian origin for prehistoric Himalayan populations.
Исследовались образцы из интересного места:
Мустанг (королевство)В общих чертах - на удивление большая устойчивость местного населения, несмотря на смену способов погребения, генетически оно мало изменялось и в изучаемый период (1000 г.до н.э. - 500 г н.э.) похож на нынешних тибетцев и шерпов.
Y-ДНК: трое O-M117, один D, в принципе те же что и у современных тибетцев.