В сеть выложили тезисы конференции Американской Ассоцииации Физических Антропологов:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24023Некоторые интересные тезисы:
дДНК охотников-собирателей и первых земледельцев Украины:
The Aquatic Neolithic: isotope, aDNA, radiocarbon, and osteological data analysis reveal asynchronous behavior in early prehistoric human societies of Ukraine
CHELSEA BUDD 1, INNA POTEKHINA 2, CHRISTOPHE SNOECK 3 and MALCOLM LILLIE 1
1 Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umea University, 2 Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3 Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel
In Europe the characterization of the Neolithic period is traditionally dominated by the advent of agro-pastoralism. Neolithic populations in the Dnieper Valley region of south-central Ukraine are notably divergent from this trend. From the Epi-Palaeolithic-Neolithic periods (ca. 10,000 - 6000 cal BC), evidence for the adoption of agro-pastoral technologies is absent from archaeological assemblages. It is not until the Eneolithic period (ca. 4500 cal BC) that we observe the beginnings of a transition to farming in the Dnieper region. One hypothesis suggests that spikes in aridity propagated a hunting crisis in Mesolithic populations, which prompted a delay in the transition and the reshaped of Mesolithic subsistence practices to focus on freshwater aquatic resources to supplement terrestrial herbivores such as boar and deer.
This research presents 300+ human and faunal samples (including 80 unpublished results), using multi-disciplinary techniques such as DNA analysis and various isotope applications, alongside osteological analysis, to provide holistic individual life histories. The results show long-term continuation of fishing practices from the Epi-Palaeolithic to Neolithic periods - no distinct shift from hunting to fishing practices took place. DNA results show the predominance of indigenous hunter-gatherers, with limited genetic inclusions from proximal Anatolian farming populations. Thus, despite the availability of plentiful dietary resources and the westward influence of extra-local farming populations, the prehistoric communities of the Dnieper region remained resistant to change and resilient in terms of their subsistence strategies, with freshwater resources providing a ‘buffer’ against any perceived impacts from climate variability.
дДНК энеолитических жителей Юго-Западной России:
Genome-wide ancient DNA investigation of Eneolithic individuals from southwestern Russia reveals a genetic contact point between the forest-steppe and steppe populations
KERTTU MAJANDER 1,2,4, KERKKO NORDQVIST 5, ARKADII KOROLEV 6, ALEXANDER KHOKHLOV 6, ROMAN SMOLYANINOV 7, HENNY PIEZONKA 8, PÄIVI ONKAMO 3, JOHANNES KRAUSE 2,4 and WOLFGANG HAAK 2
1 Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, 2 Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 3 Department of Biology, University of Turku, 4 Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo-and Palaeogenetics, University of Tubingen, 5 Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, 6 Department of History, Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russian Federation, 7 Department of Anthropology, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, Lipetsk, Russian Federation, 8 Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University
Recent ancient-DNA studies have described substantial gene flow from Bronze-Age populations of the Eurasian steppe, with likely connections to the spread of Indo-European languages. The origins of these people and their later dispersals to the northwestern end of Eurasian steppe zone remain less understood. In northeastern Europe, the Neolithic and Eneolithic (Chalcolithic) periods witnessed the transition of subsistence strategies from the foraging lifestyle into pastoralism. These changes both caused and encouraged large-scale environmental modifications and substantiated divisions between boreal forests, temperate grasslands, and the intermediate belt of forest-steppe. Whether the genetics and evolution of local languages of human populations reflect these environmental zones, is yet largely to be explored.
Here we target the population-genetic transition processes through genome-wide next-generation sequencing data of 25 Eneolithic to Bronze-Age individuals from seven archaeological sites in southwestern Russia. We observe a consistent signal of the hunter-gatherer -like ancestries, followed by the earliest occurrences of individuals with Iranian Neolithic-related ancestry (previously described as ‘steppe ancestry’) mixed with these.
In addition, remnants of the genetic ancestry from early Siberian populations, today mainly prevalent in the Native Americans, are present in the region.
These results provide novel insight to an integral contact zone between major cultural movements, illuminating the role of the forest-steppe populations in Eurasian prehistory and their early contacts with the Eurasian agro-pastoralists.
Furthermore, the waves of cultural and genetic input may have heralded language exchange between the early forms or predecessors of Uralic languages, with the Indo-European effects still observed in their modern equivalents.
дДНК из средневекового Узбекистана:
Human health and adaptation along Silk Roads - a bioarchaeological investigation of Medieval Uzbek cemeteries
REBECCA L. KINASTON 1, LADISLAV DAMASEK 2, ROBYN KRAMER 1, JAN KYSELA 2, ANNA AUGUSTINOVÁ 2, MARKETA SMOLKOVA 2 and DANIEL PILAR 2
1 Anatomy, University of Otago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2 Institute for Classical Archaeology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Central Asia was a hub of economic and cultural interaction that flowed along the Silk Roads - vast overland trade networks that linked East Asia, the Middle East and Europe. During the Medieval period (ca. 2nd-16th c. CE) these networks famously facilitated the trade of material items, such as glazed pottery and lapis lazuli, which can be found in the archaeological record. However, little is directly known about the people who lived along the Silk Roads and how this vast interconnected network directly influenced diet, health and day-to-day living.
This paper presents the results of one of the first comprehensive bioarchaeological investigations focused on Medieval and other cemeteries in southwest Uzbekistan, including a possible double soldier burial that may be associated with the Hellenistic Period in the region (late 4th and 3rd c. BC). Individuals interred in two cemeteries (Bobolangar and Tell Garden) dating to the High Medieval Period (1000-1150 CE) and one later cemetery (Lungi Tepa) display a high prevalence of systemic disease, trauma and a large variation in body size. The aim of this research is to understand how people adapted to the harsh desert environment, procured their food, interacted with surrounding communities and cared for their sick and disabled in the context of the first globalised trade network. The research uses a biocultural approach that incorporates traditional osteological methods, ancient DNA and isotope analyses. These results are interpreted within current theoretical frameworks in Anthropology, including Niche Construction Theory and the Bioarchaeology of Care Model.
Чума в бронзовом веке около Байкала:
Bronze Age Y. pestis genomes from the Lake Baikal region
MARIA A. SPYROU 1, HE YU 1, RITA RADZEVICIUTE 1, GUNNAR U. NEUMANN 1, SANDRA PENSKE 1, JANA ZECH 2, PETRUS LEROUX 3, MARINA KARAPETIAN 4, PATRICK ROBERTS 2, ALEXANDRA BUZHILOVA 4, COSIMO POSTH 1, CHOONGWON JEONG 1,5 and JOHANNES KRAUSE 1
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany, 2 Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany, 3 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, 4 Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University, Moscow 125009, Russia, 5 School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
The Bronze Age in Eurasia was a period of intense human mobility that transformed the genomic landscape of this entire region. In recent years, metagenomic analyses of human remains dating between 5,000 and 3,500 years before present (BP) revealed a number of human-associated pathogens that accompanied and potentially influenced these population movements. One such example is the plague-bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Previous studies have shown that Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (LNBA) Y. pestis genomes formed a putatively extinct phylogenetic lineage that paralleled human mobility across Eurasia. Here, we present the metagenomic screening of Neolithic and Bronze Age remains from the Lake Baikal region in Siberia and show the presence of Y. pestis infections in two individuals.
Subsequent whole-genome enrichment and comparison against a panel of ancient and modern-day Y. pestis genomes revealed their analogous phylogenetic placement and genomic contents to published LNBA isolates from Europe and Central Asia. Their further analysis alongside newly generated human genome-wide and isotopic data shows high mobility within Siberia during the Bronze Age, through the identification of genomic outliers. Moreover, we present a novel age estimation approach, using molecular dating of bacterial genomes, and show a large offset in the radiocarbon dates of Y. pestis-positive individuals, likely influenced by a regional freshwater reservoir effect. Collectively, our results suggest that Y. pestis spread into the Lake Baikal region within the context of human expansions across the Eurasian steppe during the 5th millennium BP, also affecting individuals whose genomic makeup was not impacted by such migrations.
This research was supported by the Max Planck Society and the European Research Council (ERC-CoG 771234 PALEoRIDER).