https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-017-1082-0Open AccessAncient DNA reveals genetic connections between early Di-Qiang and Han ChineseJiawei Li, Wen Zeng, Ye Zhang, Albert Min-Shan Ko, Chunxiang Li, Hong Zhu,
Qiaomei Fu and Hui Zhou
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1082-0Received: 25 March 2017
Accepted: 17 November 2017
Published: 4 December 2017
Abstract
Background
Ancient Di-Qiang people once resided in the Ganqing region of China, adjacent to the Central Plain area from where Han Chinese originated. While gene flow between the Di-Qiang and Han Chinese has been proposed, there is no evidence to support this view. Here we analyzed the human remains from an early Di-Qiang site (Mogou site dated ~4000 years old) and compared them to other ancient DNA across China, including an early Han-related site (Hengbei site dated ~3000 years old) to establish the underlying genetic relationship between the Di-Qiang and ancestors of Han Chinese.
Results
We found Mogou mtDNA haplogroups were highly diverse, comprising 14 haplogroups: A, B, C, D (D*, D4, D5), F, G, M7, M8, M10, M13, M25, N*, N9a, and Z. In contrast, Mogou males were all Y-DNA haplogroup O3a2/P201; specifically one male was further assigned to O3a2c1a/M117 using targeted unique regions on the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome. We compared Mogou to 7 other ancient and 38 modern Chinese groups, in a total of 1793 individuals, and found that Mogou shared close genetic distances with Taojiazhai (a more recent Di-Qiang population), Hengbei, and Northern Han. We modeled their interactions using Approximate Bayesian Computation, and support was given to a potential admixture of ~13-18% between the Mogou and Northern Han around 3300–3800 years ago.
Conclusions
Mogou harbors the earliest genetically identifiable Di-Qiang, ancestral to the Taojiazhai, and up to ~33% paternal and ~70% of its maternal haplogroups could be found in present-day Northern Han Chinese.
Исследовались мтДНК и Y-ДНК из могильника 4000 летней давности в Ганьсу. мтДНК: A, B, C, D (D*, D4, D5), F, G, M7, M8, M10, M13, M25, N*, N9a, Z.
Y-ДНК: O3a2/P201; один образец протипировали до O3a2c1a/M117.