PART 2
Gervase the count of Ragusa was probably Gervase of Tilbury, a cleric, politician and writer born in England, who is presented as having spent the years 1183-1189 at the court of William II, Norman king of Sicily. Below I present fragments from articles about him and after them I present my argumentation.
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Gervase of Tilbury (Latin: Gervasius Tilberiensis; c. 1150–1220) was an English canon lawyer, statesman and cleric. He enjoyed the favour of Henry II of England and later of Henry's grandson, Emperor Otto IV, for whom he wrote his best known work, the Otia Imperialia. He travelled widely, studied and taught canon law at Bologna, was in Venice in 1177, at the reconciliation of Pope Alexander III and Frederick Barbarossa, and spent some time in the service of Henry II of England, and of his son, "Henry the Young King". Some time after 1183 Gervase found service at the court of William II, the Norman king of Sicily, who had married Henry's daughter Joan. From William he received the gift of a villa at Nola in Campania. After the King of Sicily's death in 1189, Gervase moved to Arles and became a judge of canon law. In 1198, Otto – the Holy Roman Emperor after 1209– appointed Gervase Marshal of the Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles, Gervase married into a local family (which bought him a palace). Gervase accompanied Otto to Rome in 1209 on the occasion of his Imperial coronation. The following year Gervase was enmeshed in the papacy's struggle with his patron Otto, who was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. Gervase employed the next years, from 1210 to 1214, writing the Otia Imperialia ("Recreation for an Emperor") for his patron.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervase_of_Tilbury{automatic translation from French}
Gervais de Tilbury (born in 1152-1153 or 1155 and died in 1233 or 1234, even in 1237) is a cleric then knight, jurist, politician and writer of the Middle Ages. Gervais of Tilbury was born in England around 1152-1155, probably at Tilbury in the county of Essex. He received an education at the court of Henri II Plantagenêt, then in Reims between 1176 and 1180, under Archbishop William of the White Hands, uncle of the King of France Philippe II, the future Philippe Auguste. There he received minor orders, an essential condition for seeking ecclesiastical benefice. In 1177, he traveled to Venice where he was an eyewitness to the reconciliation meeting between Pope Alexander III and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. A few years later, he resumed his law studies at the University of Bologna, a major center for teaching canon law, and obtained his doctor's degree and his master's degree there.
He attended the court of Henry II Plantagenet and was part of a group of clerics passionate about natural philosophy, who formed a cultural circle around his son, Henry the Young King. When Henry died suddenly in 1183, Gervais left England and lived for a time in southern Italy, at the court of the Norman king of Sicily, William the Good. He then left the clergy for knighthood. In 1189, upon the death of the latter, Gervais emigrated to Arles, at that time land of the Empire, where he exercised his talents as a jurist with the archbishops of Arles, Pierre Isnard (1183-1190), then Imbert d'Eyguières (1191-1202), and the counts of Provence Alphonse I (1181-1196), then his son Alphonse II. He married a relative of the Archbishop of Arles, Imbert d’Eyguières. The dowry included a palace in the city of Arles, where he lived.
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However, the name of Master Gervais appears one last time in Arles in an arbitration award of June 1221 where he is described as Marshal of the imperial court of the Kingdom of Arles. Gervais de Tilbury remained in Germany after the disappearance of his protector [king Otto IV], and became provost of Ebstorf Abbey from 1223 to his death (1233 or 1234, even 1237).
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervais_de_Tilbury{automatic translation from Italian}
Gervasius of Tilbury (lat. Gervasius Tilberiensis; Tilbury, 1145-1155 – ca 1220 ...) was an English jurist, politician and writer. Gervasius of Tilbury was born between 1145 and 1155, probably near Tilbury, a town in the county of Essex. His family of origin was noble: his uncle was, as he himself informs, Patrick, Count of Salisbury and later governor of Aquitaine. He studied Latin, probably with a private tutor, as there are no documents relating to schools in Tilbury in the years concerned.[...] Thanks to the culturally lively environment of the Archbishop of Reims and his educational experience at the court of Henry II Plantagenet, Gervasio came into contact with classical culture, with the new courtly literature as well as with Arabic and Greek mathematics and science texts. It is certain that Gervasio was particularly linked, as a devotee, to Henry the Young King [son of Henry II of England], who ascended the throne in June 1170. [note] Following the king, the court alternated stays in England with those on French territory. Gervasio therefore had the opportunity to immerse himself in a trilingual environment: Latin, English and French, an experience traceable in his taste for etymological explanation and in the use of vulgar terms in his works.[...]
Gervasio therefore left England to reach Italy, initially teaching canon law in Bologna – a center of excellence in Europe for legal studies, where he acquired the title of magister – and subsequently going to Sicily, in the service of William II the Good. It is likely that Gervasio moved to Sicily by virtue of his loyalty to the House of Plantagenet: William II was in fact married to Joanna, daughter of Henry II and sister of Richard the Lionheart. Furthermore, in this period, Gervasio went to Naples, Nola and Salerno, as he himself revealed, «precisely in the year of the siege of Acre»: in fact he resided in Nola during the summer period, a concession from William of Sicily to escape to chaotic Palermo. In the same year William II of Sicily dies: it is not clear whether, after the death of the ruler, Gervasio remained in Sicily, but it is certain that in 1194 he was in Arles, with the archbishop Imberto d'Aiguières, as he himself reveals and as attested by the episcopal documents drawn up between 1198 and 1202. In these years Gervasio married a relative of the archbishop, thus linking himself to a family of the powerful nobility of the city and, furthermore, he worked as a judge of the county of Provence, as reported in the acts of the episcopal chancellery of 1207, 1216 and 1217.
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervasio_di_TilburyGERVASE of Tilbury (fl. 1211), author of the ‘Otia Imperialia,’ was no doubt a native of Tilbury in Essex, though he appears to have been brought up in Rome, and to have spent some years of his early life in Italy. He took orders, and studied and taught law at Bologna, having among his pupils John Pignatelli, afterwards archdeacon of Naples, with whom he kept up a friendship in later years. In 1177 he was present at the meeting of the Emperor Frederick I and Pope Alexander III at Venice. It is possible that he may have supplied an account of the interview to Roger of Hoveden, Gervase of Canterbury, and the chronicler known as the Abbot Benedict, for they seem to have had some common source of information (Stubbs). Soon after this he appears to have been in England for some time; he had interest at court, for he was connected with Earl Patrick of Salisbury, and the earl's son Philip was his close friend. He attached himself to the young king Henry, son of Henry II, wrote for his amusement a volume, now lost, called ‘Liber Facetiarum’ (ib. p. 914), and evidently was much distressed at his death, which took place on 11 June 1183. Possibly this event led to his leaving England. While still a young man he was a clerk in the household of William, archbishop of Rheims (cons. 1176, d 1202), brother of the third wife of Louis VII, the father-in-law of the young king Henry. [...] Like many other Englishmen at this period, he visited Sicily, and there entered the service of William II, the son-in-law of Henry II of England, and stood high in his favour. William gave him a house at Nola in order that he might have a place to which to retire from the heat and bustle of Palermo. He was at Salerno at the time of the siege of Acre by the Christians, 1190–1. As Earl Patrick of Salisbury was uncle of the Countess Ela, wife of William Longsword, uncle of the Emperor Otto IV, he had interest with the emperor, who was the grandson of Henry II. Otto took him into his service, and made him marshal of the kingdom of Arles. He seems to have married at Arles, for he had a palace there in right of his wife, and was related to Humbert, the archbishop, by marriage.
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Gervase_of_TilburyGervase of Tilbury: Medieval writer, b. probably at Tilbury, in the County of Essex, England, about 1150; d. at Arlington, about 1220. He is supposed to have been related to English royalty. During his youth he entered the service of Henry of Guienne, later he travelled in many parts of Europe, for a time studied canon law at Bologna, where for a brief period he also taught, and was afterwards at the court of King William II of Sicily till 1189. Upon the death of King William he settled permanently in Arles and was appointed Marshal of the Kingdom of Arles in 1198 by King Otto IV; in virtue of this office he accompanied the king to Rome in 1209 on the occasion of his coronation as emperor.
https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06536c.htm===========
I will summarize what is written above. Gervase was born in Tilbury, Essex, England around the year 1150. He studied in England (at the royal court), France (Reims) and Italy (Bologna), so he was fluent in English, French and Italian. He wrote books in Latin, so he was also fluent in Latin. He married a French woman from the family of Imbert d'Eyguières, the archbishop of Arles, his wife receiving a palace in Arles as dowry. After 1183 he was in the service of William II, the Norman king of Sicily, from whom he receives a villa in Nola, Campania, Italy as a gift of appreciation. After William II’s death in November 1189, he moved to Arles, France. Then later he moved to Germany in the service of King Otto IV. It is not known where he died, in Germany or in England.
Why I say that Gervase of Tilbury could be Gervase the Norman count of Ragusa? Because he was the best person for the job. William II of Sicily could not have found a better person to represent him in Ragusa.
1) He was fluent in Latin and Italian, the two official languages of Ragusa at that time. He was also fluent in French, which was the language spoken by the Normans. He was of course fluent in his native tongue, English, which was important because the Ragusans wanted to trade with England, which they eventually did.
2) He was very educated for that time and he studied law, which is very important for any ruler.
3) He had connections with the royal houses of England and France and also with the Catholic ecclesiastical authorities, including the Pope.As can be seen, all the articles about Gervase of Tilbury speak about him being in the service of William II, Norman king of Sicily, from around 1183 to 1190. But they don’t say what he did for the king in that time period because at this time there are no documents about it.
We don’t know the Y haplogroup of Gervase of Tilbury, but it is possible that he had the I1 haplogroup. His uncle was Patrick, 1st Earl of Salisbury, who is presented as an Anglo-Norman noble. The places of burial for Patrick of Salisbury and his son, William Fitzpatrick, are known.
https://www.geni.com/people/Patrick-1st-Earl-of-Salisbury/6000000013453705955https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/63487389/patrick-fitzwalter_dhttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/88886184/william-fitzpatrickThe county of “Essex” where Gervase was born had its name from the abbreviation (shortening) of “East Saxons”, a Germanic population that lived there from the 5th century CE.
The assumption that Gervase the count was Gervase of Tilbury could be verified by comparing the writing from the Ragusan documents written in Latin (assuming that some of them were written by Gervase the count) and the manuscipts of Gervase de Tilbury (also written in Latin).
It is interesting that the Martinussio family descended from count Gervase is mentioned as being involved in the salt trade in Albania alongside another Ragusan merchants from the Bona and Bonda families.
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{automatic translation from Albanian
In the year 1333 is mentioned in some documents that the noble merchant Savinus de Bonda dealt with the salt trade in Shirq, Lezhë and Vlorë.
In a document of July 12, 1333 it is said that Paul de Martinussio had to bring from Vlora to Shirq, a quantity of salt for the account of Sava de Bonda.
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Thus in a document dated March 25, it is said that a quantity of salt from Šibenik or from Zara, which was the property of Sergolo de Bona was to be transported in the ship of Savinus de Bonda to the province of Drin, and if the sea was wild there, it was agreed not to enter the Drin, but to go a little further to the port of Saint Ginj.
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Among the transporters, Paulus Martinusio is mentioned, who took the salt from Vlorë and transported it to Durrës, Dubrovnik and Shirq as we saw in the above document.
Edmond Malaj: Marrëdhëniet ekonomike dhe tregtare ndërmjet raguzës dhe trojeve arbërore
(page 24 of the article, page 18 of the PDF)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360208775_Marredheniet_ekonomike_dhe_tregtare_ndermjet_Raguzes_dhe_trojeve_arberore---------
In conclusion, Gervase the Norman count of Ragusa could be the man who brought the I-FGC22045 haplogroup to the Balkans.
Тема: Haplogroup I-FGC22045, a Balkan branch of I-P109 (Прочитано 46839 раз)