An extremely interesting pattern is observed for haplogroup R-PF7562 represented entirely in our data from its child lineage R-PF7563. R-PF7562 is a child lineage of the prominent West Eurasian R-M269 lineage whose other child lineage R-L23 is the parent of the “mainland European” L-51 and “steppe” R-Z2103 lineages. The two child lineages of R-M269 are massively disproportionately represented in our data, with the popular R-L23 (from which the dominant lineages of Yamnaya, Bell Beaker, and South Caucasus populations were derived) occurring in 268 samples, while R-PF7562 only occurs in 5.
The earliest occurrence of R-PF7562 is in LYG001, a 2866-2580 calBCE sample from Lysogorskaya 6, kurgan 3, grave 4 in the North Caucasus Piedmont of Russia.(17) Given that within the phylogeny of R-M269 (R-PF7562, (R-L51, R-Z2013)) both R-PF7562 and R-Z2013 have their earliest examples in the North Caucasus and steppe to the north, the most likely hypothesis is that the entire R-M269 clade originated there as well, with R-L51 representing a lineage that eventually became highly successful in mainland Europe, R-PF7562 a lineage that did not achieve the prominence of its relatives, and R-Z2013 became highly successful (briefly) as part of the Yamnaya culture and its offshoots (e.g., in the South Caucasus) that we discussed above.
But, what of the other 4 examples of R-PF7562?
The second most ancient example is a Mycenaean individual from the Palace of Nestor in Pylos (I13518; Kokkevis, Tomb V; 1450-1200 BCE) and his 1st degree relative I13506 buried in the same tomb. This establishes a connection between Mycenaean Greece and the North Caucasus on one hand, and more broadly the R-L23 descendants of the steppe and mainland Europe.
The remaining samples of R-PF7562 are much later: two Roman/Byzantine individuals from the Aegean region of Anatolia (I20000 and I20266) and a medieval sample from Albania (I13834).In present-day Armenians and Georgians, haplogroup R-M269(xL23) – which will encompass any R-PF7562 examples if present – was also found at low frequencies. (38) In a very large collection of individuals from the Caucasus (n=1,370) only two examples were found (in a Lezgin and a Tabasaran individual, both from the Northeast Caucasus).(462) The same study found low frequencies of RM269(xL23) in South/South East Bashkirs from the CircumUralic region. But R-M269(xL23) was present in every group sampled from Southeastern Europe (except the Roma and the mainland of Croatia). While the sampling scheme of presentday collections of Y-chromosome data does not allow one to be certain about the prevalence in different regions, the information we could obtain from a public database (
https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-PF7562/) does suggest that R-PF7562 is present predominantly in Southeastern Europe and the Caucasus, as well as adjacent areas of the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Moreover, it also suggests (
https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-M269*/) that all existing RM269 belong to either R-L23 or R-PF7562 and thus the frequency of R-M269(xL23) can be used as a stand-in for R-PF7562. However, in our ancient data we detect one individual from Armenia (I14057; 776-545 calBCE, Brardzryal monument) that belonged to haplogroup R-M269*(xRPF7562,R-L23).
Much larger sample sizes (ancient and modern) typed for R-PF7562 are necessary to trace the history of this low frequency lineage. However, the available data are enough to propose that it originated in the North Caucasus or its environs, that it had been present in southeastern Europe by the Late Bronze Age at least, and that it continues to be an important (albeit low frequency) lineage there.
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Тема: The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe (Прочитано 26579 раз)