https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/2/eabc4587Human population dynamics and Yersinia pestis in ancient northeast Asia Gülşah Merve Kılınç, Natalija Kashuba, Dilek Koptekin, Nora Bergfeldt, Handan Melike Dönertaş, Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela, Dmitrij Shergin, Grigorij Ivanov, Dmitrii Kichigin, Kjunnej Pestereva, Denis Volkov, Pavel Mandryka, Artur Kharinskii, Alexey Tishkin, Evgenij Ineshin, Evgeniy Kovychev, Aleksandr Stepanov, Love Dalén, Torsten Günther, Emrah Kırdök, Mattias Jakobsson, Mehmet Somel, Maja Krzewińska, Jan Storå, and Anders Götherström1,6,*
Abstract
We present genome-wide data from 40 individuals dating to c.16,900 to 550 years ago in northeast Asia. We describe hitherto unknown gene flow and admixture events in the region, revealing a complex population history. While populations east of Lake Baikal remained relatively stable from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age, those from Yakutia and west of Lake Baikal witnessed major population transformations, from the Late Upper Paleolithic to the Neolithic, and during the Bronze Age, respectively. We further locate the Asian ancestors of Paleo-Inuits, using direct genetic evidence. Last, we report the most northeastern ancient occurrence of the plague-related bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Our findings indicate the highly connected and dynamic nature of northeast Asia populations throughout the Holocene.
Мы представляем данные по геному от 40 индивидуумов, датированных примерно от 16 900 до 550 лет назад в Северо-Восточной Азии. Мы описываем до сих пор неизвестные события потока генов и примесей в регионе, раскрывая сложную популяционную историю. В то время как популяции к востоку от Байкала оставались относительно стабильными с мезолита до бронзового века, популяции из Якутии и к западу от озера Байкал стали свидетелями крупных демографических трансформаций, соответственно, с позднего верхнего палеолита до неолита и в бронзовый век. Далее, используя прямые генетические данные, мы определяем местонахождение азиатских предков палеоинуитов. Наконец, мы сообщаем о наиболее северо-восточном древнем появлении бактерии, связанной с чумой, Yersinia pestis. Наши находки указывают на высокосвязанную и динамичную природу популяций северо-восточной Азии во всем голоцене.
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Образцы:
Sample_Name Period Territory Mitochondrial Haplogroup
Dzhylinda-1 Mesolithic Trans-Baikal C5c
cta016 Mesolithic Trans-Baikal G2a1
brn008 Neolithic Trans-Baikal D4
brn001 Neolithic Trans-Baikal A
brn003 Neolithic Trans-Baikal D4
brn012 Neolithic Trans-Baikal D4b1a2
brn002 Neolithic Trans-Baikal D2a'b
irk078 Bronze Age Trans-Baikal M1
Popovskij-1 Early Neolithic Cis-Baikal F1b
Cyclodrome-1 Early Neolithic Cis-Baikal F1b
irk030 Neolithic Cis-Baikal A10
irk040 Neolithic Cis-Baikal A
irk034 Neolithic Cis-Baikal D4j
irk075 Neolithic Cis-Baikal D4j12
irk017 Neolithic Cis-Baikal D4j5
irk071 Neolithic Cis-Baikal D4j
irk033 Neolithic Cis-Baikal C4a
mak026 Neolithic Cis-Baikal C4
irk036 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal F1b1b
irk068 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal F1b1b
irk057 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal C4
Anosovo-1 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal R1b
irk025 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal A
irk061 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal D4j1
irk022 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal D4b1c
irk076 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal C4a2a1
irk008 Bronze Age Cis-Baikal C4a1a
irk032 Medieval Cis-Baikal D6c
Khaiyrgas-1 Late Upper Palaeolithic Yakutia R1b
Matta-1 Early Neolithic Yakutia F1d
Onnyos-1 Middle Neolithic Yakutia D4b1c
N4a1 Late Neolithic Yakutia A12a
N4b2 Late Neolithic Yakutia A12a
Kamenka-1 Late Neolithic Yakutia C4b
Kamenka-3 Late Neolithic Yakutia C4b
Kamenka-2 Late Neolithic Yakutia C4b
yak021 Late Neolithic Yakutia C4b
yak030 Iron Age Yakutia C4b3
kra001 Bronze Age Krasnoyarsk Krai C4b
bla001 Iron Age Amur Oblast D4e4a
Y-ДНК:
Sample PhyloTree Y Hg ISOGG Y Hg Region Period
irk00x na na Trans-Baikal Mesolithic
brn008 N-L708*(xL392) N1c1a1 Trans-Baikal Mesolithic
brn003 N-L708*(xL392) N1c1a1 Trans-Baikal Neolithic
brn002 na na Trans-Baikal Neolithic
irk007 N-L729*(xL666,M46) N1c2b2 Cis-Baikal Mesolithic
irk030 Q-L330 Q1a2a1c Cis-Baikal Neolithic
irk068 Q-L53*(xL54) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Neolithic
irk040 Q-L53*(xL54) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Neolithic
irk034 Q-M346*(xL53,Y2659) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk075 Q-M346*(xL53,Y2659) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk071 Q-M346*(xL53,Y2659) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk036 Q-L53*(xL54) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk061 Q-L53*(xL54) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk025 Q-L53*(xL54) Q1a2a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk022 Q-L330 Q1a2a1c Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk033 na Q1a Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk057 Q* Q1a2 Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk076 na na Cis-Baikal Bronze Age
irk032 I* I* Cis-Baikal Medieval
N5a(yak050) na na Yakutia Middle Neoltihic
N4a1 N* N1c2b2 Yakutia Late Neolithic
N4b2DR N-L708*(xL392) N1c1a1 Yakutia Late Neolithic
N3a(yak030) na na Yakutia Iron Age
kra001 N-L392*(xVL29,Z1936) N1c1a1a Krasnoyarsk Krai Neolithic/Bronze Age?
bla001 na C2b1a1b1 Amur Oblast Iron Age