http://dienekes.blogspot.com/To the degree that Begash is indicative of other pastoralist settlements in the region, the faunal evidence directly challenges the image of middle to late Bronze Age pastoralists (2000-1000 BC) as derived from migrating horse-riders (Kuz’mina 2008) and suggests that horse riding was not the most significant catalyst for regional diffusion at this point in prehistory.
"The early "cowboys of the steppe" paradigm is slowly collapsing. Certainly the horse was known, milked, eaten, and occasionally ridden on the steppes, but its central role in the emergence of Eurasian pastoralism has been ovestated on rather flimsy evidence.
It is only in the 1st millennium BC when it is picked up by Iranic/Turkic warrior confederations that the horse starts to affect Eurasia in a big way, and that is precisely the time when the Scythians appear in West Eurasia from their eastern homeland, followed centuries later by nomadic groups, from the west and north making their presence felt in China."
Volume: 83 Number: 322 Page: 1023–1037
From sheep to (some) horses: 4500 years of herd structure at the pastoralist settlement of Begash (south-eastern Kazakhstan)
Michael Frachetti and Norbert Benecke
1Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1114, St Louis, MO 63130, USA (Email:
frachetti@wustl.edu) 2Leiter des Referats Naturwissenschaften Archäozoologie, German Archaeological Institute, Scientific Department of the Head Office, Im Dol 2-6, Haus II, 14195 Berlin, Germany (Email:
nb@dainst.de)
Does the riding of horses necessarily go with the emergence of Eurasian pastoralism? Drawing on their fine sequence of animal bones from Begash, the authors think not. While pastoral herding of sheep and goats is evident from the Early Bronze Age, the horse appears only in small numbers before the end of the first millennium BC. Its adoption coincides with an increase in hunting and the advent of larger politically organised groups.
НБ. 1 тысячелетие до н.э. это время появления тюрков и усиление монголоидности на территории современного Казакстана.