Далее по пунктам. Некий субклад U (по моему именно U5) имеет корреляцию с распространением "сардинской гаплогруппы" I2a1. То есть следуя твоей логике, мито-группа U5 (?) скорее связанны с I2, чем с HV.
Вадим, встречный вопрос - откуда сведения? И Bramanti et al. (2009) и Helena Malmstr?m et al. связывают U5 c культурой Ямочно-Гребенчатой керамики севера Европы. Ну это в неолите, оттуда цепочка от ЯГК тянется вглубь тысячелетий. И речь опять же о севере Европы, как то с I2a1 не очень вяжется.
http://www.moebiusonline.eu/fuorionda/doc/art_postglac2009.pdfMitochondrial Haplogroup U5b3:
A Distant Echo of the Epipaleolithic in Italy
and the Legacy of the Early Sardinians
Maria Pala,1 Alessandro Achilli,1,2 Anna Olivieri,1 Baharak Hooshiar Kashani,1 Ugo A. Perego,1,3
Daria Sanna,4 Ene Metspalu,5 Kristiina Tambets,5 Erika Tamm,5 Matteo Accetturo,1 Valeria Carossa,1
Hovirag Lancioni,2 Fausto Panara,2 Bettina Zimmermann,6 Gabriela Huber,6 Nadia Al-Zahery,1,7
Francesca Brisighelli,8 Scott R. Woodward,3 Paolo Francalacci,4 Walther Parson,6 Antonio Salas,8
Doron M. Behar,9 Richard Villems,5 Ornella Semino,1 Hans-Ju?rgen Bandelt,10 and Antonio Torroni1,*
There are extensive data indicating that some glacial refuge zones of southern Europe (Franco-Cantabria, Balkans, and Ukraine) were
major genetic sources for the human recolonization of the continent at the beginning of the Holocene. Intriguingly, there is no genetic
evidence that the refuge area located in the Italian Peninsula contributed to this process. Here we show, through phylogeographic
analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation performed at the highest level of molecular resolution (52 entire mitochondrial
genomes), that the most likely homeland for U5b3—a haplogroup present at a very low frequency across Europe—was the Italian Peninsula.
In contrast to mtDNA haplogroups that expanded from other refugia, the Holocene expansion of haplogroup U5b3 toward the
North was restricted by the Alps and occurred only along the Mediterranean coasts, mainly toward nearby Provence (southern France).
From there, ~7,000–9,000 years ago, a subclade of this haplogroup moved to Sardinia, possibly as a result of the obsidian trade that linked
the two regions, leaving a distinctive signature in the modern people of the island. This scenario strikingly matches the age, distribution,
and postulated geographic source of a Sardinian Y chromosome haplogroup (I2a2-M26), a paradigmatic case in the European context of
a founder event marking both female and male lineages.