http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31257-5Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North AfricansRicardo Rodríguez-Varela, Torsten Günther, Maja Krzewińska, Jan Storå, Thomas H. Gillingwater, Malcolm MacCallum, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Keith Dobney, Cristina Valdiosera, Mattias Jakobsson, Anders Götherström, Linus Girdland-Flink
Published Online: October 26, 2017
Open AccessDOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059Highlights
• The first genome-wide data from the Guanches confirm a North African origin
• The Guanches were genetically most similar to modern North African Berbers
• Modern inhabitants of Gran Canaria carry an estimated 16%–31% Guanche autosomal ancestry
Summary
The origins and genetic affinity of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands, commonly known as Guanches, are poorly understood. Though radiocarbon dates on archaeological remains such as charcoal, seeds, and domestic animal bones suggest that people have inhabited the islands since the 5th century BCE [1, 2, 3], it remains unclear how many times, and by whom, the islands were first settled [4, 5]. Previously published ancient DNA analyses of uniparental genetic markers have shown that the Guanches carried common North African Y chromosome markers (E-M81, E-M78, and J-M267) and mitochondrial lineages such as U6b, in addition to common Eurasian haplogroups [6, 7, 8]. These results are in agreement with some linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological data indicating an origin from a North African Berber-like population [1, 4, 9]. However, to date there are no published Guanche autosomal genomes to help elucidate and directly test this hypothesis. To resolve this, we generated the first genome-wide sequence data and mitochondrial genomes from eleven archaeological Guanche individuals originating from Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Five of the individuals (directly radiocarbon dated to a time transect spanning the 7th–11th centuries CE) yielded sufficient autosomal genome coverage (0.21× to 3.93×) for population genomic analysis. Our results show that the Guanches were genetically similar over time and that they display the greatest genetic affinity to extant Northwest Africans, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a Berber-like origin. We also estimate that the Guanches have contributed 16%–31% autosomal ancestry to modern Canary Islanders, here represented by two individuals from Gran Canaria.
Данные об образцах:
Образец Остров Пол Покрытие генома мтДНК Y-ДНК Дата, лет назад Дата, н.э
gun002 Tenerife XY 0.21 H1cf E1b1b1b1a1(E-M183) 951 ± 26 1089.4 ± 65.5
gun005 Gran Canaria XX 0.47 H2a - 1082 ± 26 956 ± 61
gun008 Gran Canaria XX 0.30 L3b1a - 1116 ± 26 935.5 ± 56.5
gun011 Tenerife XY 3.93 T2c1d2 E1b1b1b1a1(E-M183) 1216 ± 27 791.5 ± 96.5
gun012 Tenerife XY 0.54 U6b1a E1b1b1b1a1(E-M183) 1421 ± 28 621 ± 39
gun001 Tenerife XY 0.016 U6b1a - - -
gun004 Tenerife NA 0.004 J1c3 - - -
gun006 Gran Canaria XY 0.027 L3b1a - - -
gun007 Gran Canaria XY 0.003 L3b1a - - -
gun013 Tenerife NA 0.005 U6b1a - - -
gun014 Tenerife XY 0.008 U6b - - -
Вкратце: впервые получены полные древние геномы гуанчей, коренного населения Канарских островов. Что важно, получены геномы гуанчей до испанского завоевания, один из геномов даже предшествует нашествию арабов в Северную Африку. В общих чертах, гуанчи оказались похожи на население Северо-Западной Африки, в том числе берберов. Вклад гуанчей в геном современного население Канарских островов оценивается в 16-31%.