Из новейших данных Mark Lipson et al. Parallel ancient genomic transects reveal complex population history of early European farmers
https://doi.org/10.1101/114488Dolmen “El Sotillo” (Álava)
El Sotillo megalithic site is located in the Alava Rioja county (Basque country), between the limit of Laguardia-Guardia and Leza municipalities, at the south of the historical territory of Alava. The site is 617 meters above the sea level. It was discovered in 1955 by Domingo Fernández Medrano and excavated by himself, José Miguel Barandiran and Juan M. Apellániz in 1963 [90].
It is a megalithic tomb with a corridor and an almost circular chamber, formed by nine slab stones, a corridor and a tumulus of eleven meters of diameter. During the excavation, numerous lithic tools were uncovered, including six pedunculated arrowheads of silex, a bone and a metal arrowheads, a metal burin, retouched flakes, two fragments of foliaceous projectile points, etc. There are some
Bell Beaker pottery remains and a cup with incised decorations.
The remains of thirteen individuals, including eleven adults (six of them males) were retrieved. The radiocarbon dates placed the initial use of the site at the Late Chalcolithic period, the
Bell Beaker period (4390+30, 4350+30, 4040+30, 4000+40 BP). After a hiatus of about half a millennium, the usage of the structure as funerary place increased during the Middle Bronze Age period (3550+30, 3430+30, 3380+30, 3360+30, 3360+30, 3320+30, 3160+30, 3120+30 BP), with one date from the Late Bronze Age (2740+30 BP).
La Chabola De La Hechicera (Álava)
The dolmen of La Chabola de la Hechicera [90] is located in the Alava Rioja county, in the municipality of Elvillar. It is a corridor megalithic burial composed by a circular chamber formed by eight slab stones, and a corridor delimited by six slabs and covered by a large slab stone. It was erected during the Late Neolithic and was used in different periods, until the Bronze Age. It was discovered in 1935 by Álvaro de Gortazar and has been excavated in several campaigns by different researchers (1936 José Miguel Barandiaran, 1947 Carlos Sáenz de Tejada, Álvaro Gortazar y Domingo Fernández Medrano, 1974 Juan María Apellániz and 2010-2011 José Antonio Mujika y Javier Fernández Eraso).
During these works, the remains of at least 39 individuals have been retrieved. Sylex arrowheads, personal ornaments (such as necklace beads and pendants made from different materials), an idol made of bone and pottery remains (including a
well-preserved Bell Beaker cup in the Ciempozuelos style) were also retrieved. Twelve different radiocarbon dates were generated, yielding dates from the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age: 3170+130; 3280+40; 4380+40; 4420+30; 4430+40; 4440+40; 4480+40; 4650+40; 4670+40; 4940+30; 4980+30 BP.
Вот эти данные
ES.1/4 I1976 Tooth 1 Unpublished 2571-2347 calBCE (3960±30 BP, Beta-299306) Iberia_CA El Sotillo, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,57 -2,62 M H3
IES-6G-110 I2473 Tooth 1 Unpublished 2916-2714 calBCE (4250±30 BP, Beta-299305) Iberia_CA El Sotillo, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,57 -2,62 M H3
I2a2aInventario0/4 I2467 Tooth 1 Unpublished 2481-2212 calBCE (3900±40 BP, Beta-299300) Iberia_CA El Sotillo, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,57 -2,62 M X2b
I2a2a1.-K11 I3272 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3263-2903 calBCE (4380±40 BP, Beta-288933) Iberia_CA La Chabola de la Hechicera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,55 M X2b
I2a23.-K11 I3273 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3627-3363 calBCE (4670±40 BP, Beta-288935) Iberia_CA La Chabola de la Hechicera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,55 F J2a1a1 ..
5.-K18 I1975 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3090-2894 calBCE (4350±40 BP, Beta-288937) Iberia_CA La Chabola de la Hechicera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,55 M J1c1
I2a2В этих данных присутствуют только I2a2, в остальных образцах иберийских бронзового века Алавы присутствуют обычные неолитические гаплогруппы.
LHUE11J.5 I1843 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3092-2877 calBCE [3092-2918 calBCE (4390±30 BP, Beta-301225), 3011-2877 calBCE (4290±30 BP, Beta-301226)] Iberia_CA Alto de la Huesera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,57 F U5b1 ..
LHUE2010.10 I1981 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3014-2891 calBCE (4320±30 BP, Beta-301223) Iberia_CA Alto de la Huesera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,57 F J1c1 ..
LHUE2010.11 I3276 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3092-2918 calBCE (4390±30 BP, Beta-301225) Iberia_CA Alto de la Huesera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,57 M V G2a2a
LHUE2014.11J I3277 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3100-2850 BCE (based on other dated samples in same layer) Iberia_CA Alto de la Huesera, Alava, Basque country Spain 42,57 -2,57 F U5b2b ..
LY.II.A.10.15066 I3269 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3350-2750 BCE [3022-2779 calBCE (4290±40 BP, Beta-137895); 3090-2900 calBCE (4360±40 BP, Beta-137896); 3310-2904 calBCE (4390±40 BP, Beta-148054) three dates of the whole stratigraphy of the site] Iberia_CA Las Yurdinas II, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,63 -2,7 M U5b2b3a I2a2a
LY.II.A.10.15067 I3270 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3350-2750 BCE [3022-2779 calBCE (4290±40 BP, Beta-137895); 3090-2900 calBCE (4360±40 BP, Beta-137896); 3310-2904 calBCE (4390±40 BP, Beta-148054) three dates of the whole stratigraphy of the site] Iberia_CA Las Yurdinas II, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,63 -2,7 F J2a1a1 ..
LY.II.A.10.15068 I3271 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3350-2750 BCE [3022-2779 calBCE (4290±40 BP, Beta-137895); 3090-2900 calBCE (4360±40 BP, Beta-137896); 3310-2904 calBCE (4390±40 BP, Beta-148054) three dates of the whole stratigraphy of the site] Iberia_CA Las Yurdinas II, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,63 -2,7 F K1a4a1a ..
LY.II.A.10.15069 I1838 Tooth 1 Unpublished 3354-2943 calBCE (4470±50 BP, Poz-83429) Iberia_CA Las Yurdinas II, Alava, Basque Country Spain 42,63 -2,7 F J1c3 ..
В образцах с ККК нет ни одной R1b1, если в образцах из La Chabola de la Hechicera можно объяснить тем, что они слишком ранние и на самом деле они не ККК, то из El Sotillo такое объяснение уже не подходит.
PS. Тема предназначена для обсуждения данных культуры колоковидных кубков.