it is much too early to guess the age of A431. If I did so, however, I would guess it is far older than the crusades, and for that matter older than either prophet about whom those wars were nominally being fought. If that is the case, it seems unlikely that a random Crusader would have carried an early branch of DF27 three thousand miles east to deposit it in an Armenian valley where it would flourish for another 800 years. Most of the DF27 Crusaders would have carried many other, more common mutations, by the 12th century AD. These remarks are subject to retraction or revision, iff A431 turns out to be common throughout western Asia and most of Europe, and as highly mutated into branching phylogenies as L21, Z196, etc.