Re: Результаты исследований дДНК (обсуждение)

[Eugene]

Касательно викингов - изучаются материалы из Старой Ладоги.

Наконец то!
А кто руководит процессом и в какой лаборатории будут секвенировать?

[rozenblatt]

Наконец то!
А кто руководит процессом и в какой лаборатории будут секвенировать?

Так написано же было: 4. Роль викингов в формировании популяционной структуры средневекового населения Севера-Запада России. Научные партнеры: Центр Геогенетики Университета г. Копенгаген

Лаборатория Виллерслева, в принципе логично, изучают прошлое своих предков. Хотя викинги в Старой Ладоге скорее шведские были.

[rozenblatt]

Появились тезисы конференции Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Conference 2016, 3-7 июля 2016: http://smbe2016.org/program/

Из интересного:

Геном ранненеолитической женщины из юго-западного Ирана, гор Загрос. Генетически она близка кавказским охотникам-собирателям, а не анатолийским земледельцам, несмотря на то что принадлежала земледельческой группе.

The Neolithic Revolution developed among geographically adjacent but genetically distinct populations (35146)

Marcos Gallego Llorente 1 , Sarah Connell 2 , Eppie Jones 1 , Deborah Merrett 3 , Yeonsu Jeon 4 , Anders Eriksson 1 , Veronika Siska 1 , Cristina Gamba 2 , Christopher Meiklejohn 5 , Robert Beyer 1 , Sungwon Jeon 4 , Yunsung Cho 4 , Michi Hofreiter 6 , Jong Bhak 4 , Andrea Manica 1 , Ron Pinhasi 2

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CAMBRIDGESHIRE, United Kingdom
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

The shift from hunter-gathering to food production, the so-called Neolithic Revolution, profoundly changed human societies. Whilst much is known about the mode of spread of people and domesticates into Europe during the Neolithic period, the origin of this cultural package in the Ancient Near East and Anatolia is poorly understood. By sequencing the whole genome (1.39x) of an early Neolithic woman from Ganj Dareh, in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, we show that the eastern part of the Ancient Near East was inhabited by a population genetically most similar to hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus but distinct from the Neolithic Anatolian people who later brought food production into Europe. Despite their key role in developing the Neolithic package, the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh made little direct genetic contribution to modern European populations, suggesting they were somewhat isolated from other populations in this region. Their high frequency of short runs of homozygosity, comparable to other early Neolithic farmers, suggests that they overwintered the Last Glacial Maximum in a climatically favourable area, where they may have received a genetic contribution from a population basal to modern Eurasians. Thus, the Neolithic package was developed by at least two genetically-distinct groups which coexisted next to each other, implying a degree of cultural yet little genetic exchange among them.

Два охотника-собирателя, но уже с керамикой, 5700 лет до н.э., из российско-корейского пограничья. Более всего сходны с коренным населением Приамурья, например с ульчами, но есть более отдалённое сходство и с корейцами и японцами. Предоположительно это может означать более плавный переход к земледелию в Восточной Азии по сравнению с Европой.

The Neolithic in Northeast Asia in light of a 7,700 year-old genome (34323)

Veronika Siska 1 , Eppie Ruth Jones 1 , Tatiana Balueva 2 , Jong Bhak 3 , Daniel G. Bradley 4 , Yunsung Cho 5 , Anders Eriksson 1 , Marcos Gallego Llorente 1 , Michi Hofreiter 6 , Sungwon Jeon 3 , Hakmin Kim 3 , Hyunho Kim 5 , Kyusang Lee 3 , Ron Pinhasi 7 , Elizaveta Veselovskaya 2 , Andrea Manica 1

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Ancient genomes have revolutionised our understanding of Holocene prehistory in Western Eurasia, but Asia has received limited attention. Here we report genomic data from two individuals from an early Neolithic site, Devil’s Gate (7742-7638 cal years before present) in East Asia, on the border between Russia and Korea. These hunter-gatherers are genetically most similar to geographically close populations from the Amur Basin, in particular the Ulchi, implying a high level of continuity in this region over most of the Holocene. Japanese and Koreans, who live further south, also showed genetic affinity to Devil’s Gate; both these modern day populations were best described as mixes of a population close to Devil’s Gate, likely the ancestral hunter-gatherers who inhabited that region, and modern populations from southern China and South-East Asia, possibly linked to the onset of the Neolithic around 8,000 years ago in the region. Thus, in contrast to Western Eurasia, East Asia experienced a higher degree of continuity, with little input in the northern regions and an integrations of incoming farmers and local hunter-gatherers further south.

[Eugene]

Геном ранненеолитической женщины из юго-западного Ирана, гор Загрос. Генетически она близка кавказским охотникам-собирателям, а не анатолийским земледельцам, несмотря на то что принадлежала земледельческой группе.

Ничего удивительно, что все социальные явления (в том числе тип хозяйствования) не могут быть напрямую связаны с генетикой. В общем-то это очевидно.

[Srkz]

Ну для компонента "Кавказ-Гедрозия" обнаружиться в горах Ирана действительно неудивительно, другого связующего звена между регионами и нет. Хотя думаю, при появлении более восточных образцов и CHG, и Ганджи-Даре окажутся миксами с ближневосточниками.

PS Как нам говорит о Ганджи-Даре Википедия,

Остатки наиболее древнего поселения датируются около 10000 лет назад,[3](VIII-VII тыс. до н.э) и являются наиболее ранними свидетельствами одомашнивания козы в мире

По Дальнему Востоку:

These hunter-gatherers are genetically most similar to geographically close populations from the Amur Basin, in particular the Ulchi, implying a high level of continuity in this region over most of the Holocene. Japanese and Koreans, who live further south, also showed genetic affinity to Devil’s Gate; both these modern day populations were best described as mixes of a population close to Devil’s Gate, likely the ancestral hunter-gatherers who inhabited that region, and modern populations from southern China and South-East Asia, possibly linked to the onset of the Neolithic around 8,000 years ago in the region. Thus, in contrast to Western Eurasia, East Asia experienced a higher degree of continuity, with little input in the northern regions and an integrations of incoming farmers and local hunter-gatherers further south.

Там уже и зона вечной мерзлоты неподалеку Собственно, в Европе в аналогичном климате современное население тоже больше происходит от северных охотников-собирателей, чем от южных неолитчиков. Что в Сибирь было несколько волн миграций с юго-востока, мы знаем.

[Eugene]

Ну для компонента "Кавказ-Гедрозия" обнаружиться в горах Ирана действительно неудивительно, другого связующего звена между регионами и нет.
***
Собственно, в Европе в аналогичном климате современное население тоже больше происходит от северных охотников-собирателей, чем от южных неолитчиков. Что в Сибирь было несколько волн миграций с юго-востока, мы знаем.

Да дело не совсем в расстоянии. А в том что название для определенных генетических  маркеров "неолитчики", а для других "мезолитчики" - очень большое утрирование. По сути полная аналогия с языками и вообще с любой социальной сферой, которая очень динамична и с генетикой не связана.
Например индустриальное развитие началось с западной Европы - может ли это давать основание называть генетику западно-европейцев "индустриальщики" ? ))

Социальная среда во всем многообразии характерна для определенного момента в истории, и генетика населения не может быть ограничением для развития определенных социальных моделей.

Вот недавно В. Шнирельман об этом как раз неплохо написал
http://генофонд.рф/?page_id=8463

[rozenblatt]

Касательно дальневосточных охотников-собирателей: вот статья про пещеру в которой их нашли, правда там про хронологически более древнюю находку:

http://www.gazeta.ru/science/2012/05/26_a_4602365.shtml

Древняя ткань из Чертовых Ворот
Один из самых древних текстилей в мире найден в российской пещере Чертовы Ворота в Приморском крае
Ярослав Кузьмин 26.05.2012, 12:13

Об одной из самых древних тканей в мире, найденной в пещере в Приморском крае, и возможности проводить в России радиоуглеродный анализ на самом современном уровне «Газете.Ru» рассказал доктор географических наук Ярослав Кузьмин, старший научный сотрудник новосибирского Института геологии и минералогии СО РАН.

[Teresh]

Еще доклады с Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Conference 2016

1) Using whole-genome in-solution capture to infer the geographic origin of Indian Ocean enslaved people in the historical cemetery of Le Morne (Mauritius) http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-06/abstract/35098

One key period of history involved the forced migration of millions of people due to slavery. Recent paleogenomic studies have helped to shed light on the origins of slaves within the trans-Atlantic trade. However, the Indian Ocean slave trade has remained understudied. In this project, we seek to elucidate the history of slavery across the Indian Ocean by focusing on Mauritius, where hundreds of thousands of slaves were imported during colonial times. We used next-generation sequencing of ancient DNA to estimate the genome-wide ancestries of individuals sampled in the historical cemetery of Le Morne (n=26), which is thought to contain the remains of Malagasy slaves. As tropical climate conditions in Mauritius are an obstacle for ancient DNA recovery, we used whole-genome in-solution capture (WISC) to enrich endogenous DNA.
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2) Out in the (not so) cold: ancient DNA and the tropics http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-06/abstract/36786

Using low-coverage, high-throughput sequencing data from over 100 archaeological bone and tooth specimens from the Caribbean, we systematically explore the effects of temperature, age, microbial action, time since excavation, sample and soil type, and burial setting on DNA preservation. Results indicate that the level of DNA preservation varies dramatically across the region and that factors such as the burial setting, the age of the sample, and sample type can have a strong influence on the level of preservation.
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3) Ancient DNA, archaeology and linguistics: on the chances, limitations and perils of working on the edge of time http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-07/abstract/35383

Wolfgang Haak 1,2
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, THURINGIA, Germany
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

When population genetic research tackles questions of human dispersal, migration and demographic histories, the latter are often adopted from or inspired by research questions and debates in the neighboring fields of archaeology and anthropology. Ancient DNA studies are no exception and rely directly on samples from archaeologically defined contexts to study events in human prehistory. The time-travelling feature of ancient DNA, i.e. the ability to record data from before, during and after particular turning points in the human past, has helped to elucidate many of the long-standing debates in adjacent disciplines. A prime example is the Neolithic transition, which saw the expansion of early farmers rather than ‘just’ the idea of farming being spread from its Near Eastern origin. However, outside the field of genetics, archaeologists and historians do not always embrace these findings, and genetic results are often received with skepticism. Aside from over-simplified peopling and demographic scenarios, colleagues from the humanities caution the unsupervised use of simplistic classifications (culture = people = language) or feel deterred by ‘deterministic’ approaches (biologism). This talk will showcase a range of current misunderstandings between both fields in an attempt to bridge the divide that still lingers between archaeology and genetics.
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4) Genomic History of Upper Paleolithic Europeans http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-07/abstract/35221

Little is currently known about the genetic history of ancient Europeans before the advent of agriculture ~8,500 years ago. Here we have analysed genome-wide data from 51 modern human remains that span around 40,000 years of Eurasian prehistory. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas the earliest modern humans in Europe did not contribute substantially to present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. A ~35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe during the last ice age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a new genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners appears in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European pre-history.

[Teresh]

5) The spread of farming across the Mediterranean to Iberia and its role in shaping ancient and modern European genomes http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-07/abstract/35599

The transition to a farming lifestyle was one of the major episodes of innovation in the history of our species and it has been the subject of intense archaeological research for decades [1]. In the past few years, archaeogenetic studies have been crucial in resolving some of the longstanding questions about the Neolithisation of Europe [2-6]. Here, we analyse new genome sequence data from 13 early farmers from Spain and compare them to previously published modern day and ancient genomes from Europe, North Africa and the Near East. We show that the first farmers to arrive to the Iberian Peninsula during the Neolithic, followed a coastal Mediterranean route bringing farming practices with them. These Neolithic individuals show a similar genetic structure across the North, North East and South of Iberia with no evidence of north African influence. Furthermore, we observe a certain degree of genetic differentiation between Early Neolithic Iberian and Central European farmers. An indication of at least two founding populations of early Neolithic Europeans (one that arrived via the Mediterranean coast and the other via the Danube basin into Central Europe). Among all early European farmers the Iberian Neolithic groups show the highest genetic affinities to present-day Sardinians suggesting that the modern population of the island are relatively direct descendants of these early Mediterranean farmers. Later, Iberian Chalcolithic populations derive from the interbreeding between incoming farmers and native hunter-gatherers [3]. In turn, these Chaloclithic groups are closely related to modern day Basques whom appeared to be isolated since the Late Neolithic [3]. Finally, genetic similarities between Middle to Late Neolithic farmers from Ireland and Iberia potentially suggest the latter to be the origin of the Megalithic culture which spread along the Atlantic coast and later reached the British Isles and Scandinavia [7].
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6) Insights into South American population history, from ancient DNA from Tierra del Fuego http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-04/abstract/35375

According to genetic evidence, the ancestors of Native Americans entered the Americas through the Beringian land bridge circa 16,000 years ago(1). However, the exact arrival time and dispersal routes across the double continent and South America in particular remain unclear. Due to their unusual cranial morphology, Fuegians from the south of South America have been suggested to belong to a relic Paleoamerican population(2). Here we address this question using ancient DNA from five human samples from Tierra del Fuego dated between 200 and 4,600 years ago. We generated the full nuclear genomes of these samples, with average depth ranging between 2x and 10x, and analysed them jointly with modern sequences from public data sets. F3 and D statistics revealed no ancestral component in the Fuegians other than typical Native American, consistent with previous genetic studies(3), unlike the Karitiana population from Brazil that shows an Australasian component(4). We used Rarecoal(5) to construct a population model of 1000 Genome populations including post-colonial admixture events and discerned that the Fuegians are more closely related to Colombians than to Peruvians, and more closely related to those than to Mexicans. We estimate that Fuegians diverged from the Colombian branch ~10,500 years ago, shortly after the Colombian/Peruvian divergence (~11,700 years ago). Our results demonstrate that rare variant analyses have the resolution required to make population history inferences between highly similar populations, like those of South America.
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7)  The preliminary report for the deep sequencing of the prehistoric Jomon genome from the Japanese archipelago http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-04/abstract/35341

After the late-Paleolithic period in the Japanese archipelago, the Jomon culture starts around 15,000 years ago, and the Yayoi culture took place of it around 3,000 years ago. The former is a culture by the indigenous people who have hunting-gathering life style, whereas the latter is a culture of large-scale rice cultivation that would be brought by immigrants (and their descendants) from the East Asian continent. Many of previous studies based on skeletal remains have described that the Jomon people have been morphologically homogeneous for more than 10,000 years. The dual structure model for peopling history of modern Japanese has been proposed; according to the model, the Jomon and the immigrants have gradually admixed since the Yayoi period, and the modern main-island Japanese have been formed at last. Our recent study based on computer simulation using genome-wide SNP data from modern Chinese and Hokkaido Ainu, however, has estimated that the admixture between the Jomon and the immigrants occurred 5~6,000 years ago that is twice older than the estimates based on the archaeological evidences, suggesting a possibility of gene flow from the East Asian continent before the Yayoi culture starts.
To resolve the discrepancy, we organized a research team of the Jomon genome sequencing, including physical anthropologists, physiological anthropologists, archaeologists, and researchers of statistics, genomics, and population genetics. We conducted prescreening for the Jomon specimens excavated from various sites by using the next generation sequencer (NGS). The states of preservation of DNAs from the specimens in the Japanese archipelago were commonly even worse than those in Europe and America, because of acid soils, and warm and high humid climate. But, a couple of specimens showed more than 1.0% mapping ratio. Here we present the results of preliminary analyses, and discuss about feasibility of the deep sequencing of Jomon.
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Genetic analyses of five late Neandertal individuals http://smbe-2016.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2016-07-04/abstract/35393

Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to present-day human genomes have revealed that ~1-2% of present-day genomes outside Africa come from Neandertals and it has been suggested that a major part of the admixture took place in the Levant between 47-65 kya [1, 2]. However, it has also been shown that a ~42,000-year-old modern human from Romania had a Neandertal ancestor four to six generations back in his family tree, indicating that the admixture between modern humans and Neandertals was not restricted to a single event in Near East [3]. To better understand late Neandertal populations and the interactions between Neandertals and modern humans we are investigating the genomes of European Neandertals from the time when they or their immediate ancestors could have met modern humans.
We identified five late Neandertal specimens – from the Troisième caverne of Goyet and Spy in Belgium, Les Cottés in France, Vindija Cave in Croatia and Mezmaiskaya Cave in Russia – where the fraction of endogenous sequences are between 6% and 64% after depleting microbial contamination through hypochlorite treatment. We have sequenced the nuclear genomes of these individuals to an average coverage between 1- and 2.7-fold. Present-day human DNA contamination varies between ~1% and ~2.5% for the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, respectively.
Based on the number of DNA fragments recovered from the X chromosome and the autosomes, we determined that the specimens from Goyet, Les Cottés and Vindija were females, whereas the Spy and Mezmaiskaya 2 specimens were males. We further use these genomes to determine population structure among late Neandertals and their relationships to the Neandertals that contributed DNA to present-day humans, as well as to determine whether there was gene flow from early modern humans into these late Neandertals.

[rozenblatt]

Так, наверное это не совсем по теме, но тут попалась такая новость:

http://www.fbras.ru/rasshifrovan-genom-mamonta.html

Расшифрован геном мамонта!

Российские ученые завершили полную расшифровку генома мамонта. Научный коллектив трех российских институтов – Института Биоинженерии Федерального исследовательского центра «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук, НИЦ Курчатовский институт и Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова – создали единую инфраструктуру для генетических исследований полного цикла.

Для прочтения ДНК мамонта ученые использовали генетический материал мамонтенка Хромы, обнаруженного в Якутии в 2009 году. Для работ по прочтению генома учёные получили 3 образца — шерсть, кожу и кость мамонтенка.

Молекулярные биологи выделяли генетическую информацию и «считывали» последовательность ДНК. Математики — анализировали. Полученный геном, а это 3,5 млрд букв, сравнили с геномами ныне живущих млекопитающих.

Открытие подтвердило гипотезу, что индийский или азиатский слон является «братом» шерстистого мамонта, который также обитал на территории Евразии и вымер 4 тысячи лет назад.

Открытие российских ученых поможет найти ответы на многие научные загадки прошлого.
 
 Новостной сюжет на Первом канале (выпуск от 16.05.2016):

С одной стороны приятно что и в России работают с дДНК. Однако я никак не могу найти непосредственную публикацию с деталями - каково покрытие и прочие детали. Знает ли кто-нибудь детали? Или пока что статья не опубликована?

[пенелопа]

С одной стороны приятно что и в России работают с дДНК. Однако я никак не могу найти непосредственную публикацию с деталями - каково покрытие и прочие детали. Знает ли кто-нибудь детали? Или пока что статья не опубликована?

Так геном мамонта вроде расшифрован годом раньше и не в России: http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822%2815%2900420-0

БАМы тут: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/ERP008929

[rozenblatt]

В блоге у Eurogenes: http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/06/another-ancient-genome-from-iran-coming.html

Ожидается ещё один неолитический геном из Ирана:


    Iran is considered a pivotal region in the Fertile Crescent, occupying a central space between Africa and Eurasia, and has thus been extensively studied to infer the development of the earliest human civilizations and farming settlements. From a historical and cultural perspective, this region is also of great interest as the cradle of Zoroastrianism. With reported roots dating back to the second millennium BC in Iran, Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest religions in the world and is now mainly concentrated in India, Iran, and Southern Pakistan. In this work we present novel genotype data from present-day Zoroastrians from Iran and India, along with a high coverage (10x) early Neolithic sample from Iran (7,455-7,082 BC), comparing these samples to publicly available genome-wide genotypes from >200 modern and ancient groups worldwide to elucidate patterns of shared ancestry. We apply a novel Bayesian mixture model to represent the DNA from modern and ancient groups or individuals as mixtures of that from other sampled groups or individuals, using a haplotype-based approach that is more powerful than commonly-used algorithms. Our mixture model identifies which sampled groups are most related to one another genetically, reflecting shared common ancestry relative to other groups due to e.g. admixture (i.e. intermixing of genetically distinct groups) or other historical processes. Interestingly, analysis of ancestry patterns revealed strong affinities of the Neolithic Iranian sample to modern-day Pakistani and Indian populations, and particularly to Iranian Zoroastrians, in stark contrast to Neolithic samples from Europe. We also identify, describe and date recent admixture events in modern-day Iranian groups that have altered their current genetic make-up relative to these ancient origins.


Saioa López et al., The genetic landscape of Iran and the legacy of Zoroastrianism: Comparing haplotype sharing patterns among ancient and modern-day samples using a mixture model, poster presentation, Quantitative Genomics 2016, University College London (UCL)

[FenriR]

...
Saioa López et al., The genetic landscape of Iran and the legacy of Zoroastrianism: Comparing haplotype sharing patterns among ancient and modern-day samples using a mixture model, poster presentation, Quantitative Genomics 2016, University College London (UCL)

тот же коллектив, который опубликовал
Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

что интересно, другой образец Иранского неолита обнаружил лишь "слабые прямые связи с европейскими популяциями":
Llorente et al., The Neolithic Revolution developed among geographically adjacent but genetically distinct populations, oral presentation (35146), Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Conference 2016

...
 Despite their key role in developing the Neolithic package, the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh made little direct genetic contribution to modern European populations, suggesting they were somewhat isolated from other populations in this region. Their high frequency of short runs of homozygosity, comparable to other early Neolithic farmers, suggests that they overwintered the Last Glacial Maximum in a climatically favourable area, where they may have received a genetic contribution from a population basal to modern Eurasians.
...

хотя вклад собственно кавказских же CHG куда сильнее.
Пока кажется, что CHG-компонент попадает в Европу именно с Кавказа и/или происходит из сопредельных с ним территорий, в то время как неолит западного Ирана представляет собой сходный, но отличный от Кавказа генетический кластер, более интересный относительно этногенеза современных популяций юга Центральной Азии и Индии:

In this work we present novel genotype data from present-day Zoroastrians from Iran and India, along with a high coverage (10x) early Neolithic sample from Iran (7,455-7,082 BC),
...
 Interestingly, analysis of ancestry patterns revealed strong affinities of the Neolithic Iranian sample to modern-day Pakistani and Indian populations, and particularly to Iranian Zoroastrians, in stark contrast to Neolithic samples from Europe.

У команды есть образец и Железного века:
Davidski said...

Indeed, and I'll just quit playing games. They also have an Iron Age genome. Not sure why it's not mentioned in the abstract though?
June 13, 2016 at 6:10 AM

[Yaroslav]

Fire, я греческим не владею. Вот инфа 10-дневной давности. Вроде как через Google переводчик понял, что собираются по дДНК Крита поработать при спонсировании критской администрации?

Τα επίσημα εγκαίνια της νεοσύστατης Μονάδας ανάλυσης Αρχαίου DNA του Ινστιτούτου Μοριακής Βιολογίας και Βιοτεχνολογίας (IMBB) του Ιδρύματος Τεχνολογίας και Έρευνας (ITE) πραγματοποιήθηκαν πρόσφατα στο πλαίσιο της Διεθνούς Ημερίδας με τίτλο «Ανάλυση αρχαίου DNA: Μια νέα ματιά στο παρελθόν».   

Η σύσταση της συγκεκριμένης μονάδας, η οποία συγχρηματοδοτήθηκε από την Περιφέρεια Κρήτης, είναι η μοναδική στην Ελλάδα και η τρίτη σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη. Η μονάδα αυτή αναμένεται να ανοίξει νέες προοπτικές για την ανάδειξη της πολιτισμικής κληρονομιάς της Ελλάδας, την υποστήριξη της αρχαιολογικής έρευνας και την ανάπτυξη ερευνητικών συνεργασιών ανάμεσα στις ανθρωπιστικές και φυσικές επιστήμες.   

Στην εκδήλωση συμμετείχαν και απηύθυναν χαιρετισμό ο Αναπληρωτής Υπουργός Έρευνας και Καινοτομίας του Υπουργείου Παιδείας, Έρευνας και Θρησκευμάτων κύριος Κώστας Φωτάκης καθώς και Αιρετός Αντιπεριφερειάρχης Π. Ε. Ηρακλείου κύριος Ευριπίδης Κουκιαδάκης.   Ο κύριος Φωτάκης έδωσε μεγάλη έμφαση στη σημασία της δημιουργίας της Μονάδας Ανάλυσης Αρχαίου DNA, στην υποστήριξη και προώθηση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς της χώρας αλλά και στη δημιουργία νέων ερευνητικών ευκαιριών και συνεργασιών.   

Από την πλευρά του ο κύριος Κουκιαδάκης τόνισε τη σπουδαιότητα της σύστασης της Μονάδας Αρχαίου DNA, την οποία η Περιφέρεια Κρήτης στήριξε και συνέβαλε στην υλοποίησή της.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα Ανασκαφή: Εγκαινιάστηκε η πρώτη μονάδα ανάλυσης αρχαίου DNA στη χώρα μας http://anaskafi.blogspot.com/2016/06/dna_8.html#ixzz4BxTnDsJU

[rozenblatt]

Fire, я греческим не владею. Вот инфа 10-дневной давности. Вроде как через Google переводчик понял, что собираются по дДНК Крита поработать при спонсировании критской администрации?

Русский перевод есть в интернете:

http://russia-greece2016.ru/culture/20160607/579872.html

Первое отделение анализа древней ДНК в Греции
В Греции было создано первое отделение анализа древней ДНК, ставшее третьим во всей Европе и единственным в Греции.

Официальное открытие нового отделения анализа древней ДНК в Институте молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии (ИМББ) Фонда  исследований и технологий состоялось недавно в рамках Международной конференции под названием «Анализ древней ДНК: новый взгляд в прошлое».

Отделение, которое финансируется за счет региона Крит, является уникальным в Греции и третьим в Европе. Как ожидается, оно откроет новые возможности для продвижения культурного наследия Греции, поддержки археологической деятельности и развития партнерских отношений и сотрудничества в сфере гуманитарных и естественных наук.

В мероприятии приняли участие и выступили с приветственным обращением заместитель министра образования, науки и религии, ответственный за научные исследования и инновации Костас Фотакис, а также Эврипидис Кукиадакис, заместитель главы региона Ираклион.

Г-н Фотакис уделил особое внимание важности создания отделения анализа древней ДНК для поддержки и продвижения культурного наследия страны, а также открытия новых возможностей в области исследований и сотрудничества.

Со своей стороны г-н Кукиадакис подчеркнул значение открытия отделения анализа древней ДНК, которому регион Крита оказал поддержку.

Ф. Камбаси

Источник: ΑNA-MPA