https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/05/13/science.aba0909Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern ChinaMelinda A. Yang1,2,3, Xuechun Fan4,5, Bo Sun6, Chungyu Chen7, Jianfeng Lang8, Ying-Chin Ko9, Cheng-hwa Tsang10, Hunglin Chiu10, Tianyi Wang1,2,11, Qingchuan Bao12, Xiaohong Wu13, Mateja Hajdinjak14, Albert Min-Shan Ko1, Manyu Ding1,2,15, Peng Cao1,2, Ruowei Yang1,2, Feng Liu1,2, Birgit Nickel13, Qingyan Dai1,2, Xiaotian Feng1,2, Lizhao Zhang1,2, Chengkai Sun16, Chao Ning17, Wen Zeng18, Yongsheng Zhao18, Ming Zhang1,2,15, Xing Gao1,2,15, Yinqiu Cui17, David Reich19,20,21,22, Mark Stoneking14, Qiaomei Fu1,2,15,*
1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, CAS, Beijing 100044, China.
2Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China.
3Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
4International Research Center for Austronesian Archaeology, Pingtan 350000, China.
5Fujian Museum, Fuzhou 350001, China.
6Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Jinan 250012, China.
7Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
8School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
9Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
10Institute of Anthropology, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
11School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China.
12The Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010011, China.
13School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
14Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
15University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
16Shandong Museum, Jinan 250014, China.
17School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
18Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
19Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
20Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
21Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
22Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
↵*Corresponding author. Email:
fuqiaomei@ivpp.ac.cnScience 14 May 2020:
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0909
Abstract
Human genetic history in East Asia is poorly understood. To clarify population relationships, we obtained genome wide data from 26 ancient individuals from northern and southern East Asia spanning 9,500-300 years ago. Genetic differentiation was higher in the past than the present, reflecting a major episode of admixture involving northern East Asian ancestry spreading across southern East Asia after the Neolithic, transforming the genetic ancestry of southern China. Mainland southern East Asian and Taiwan Strait island samples from the Neolithic show clear connections with modern and ancient samples with Austronesian-related ancestry, supporting a southern China origin for proto-Austronesians. Connections among Neolithic coastal groups from Siberia and Japan to Vietnam indicate that migration and gene flow played an important role in the prehistory of coastal Asia.
Генетическая история человека в Восточной Азии плохо изучена. Чтобы прояснить связи между популяциями, мы получили обширные данные по геному 26 древних индивидуумов из северной и южной частей Восточной Азии, охватывающие период от 9500 до 300 лет назад. Генетическая дифференциация была выше в прошлом, чем в настоящее время, что отражает крупный эпизод смешения, связанный с северо-восточноазиатским генетическим компонентом, распространившимся по всей южной части Восточной Азии после неолита, трансформируя генетический ландшафт Южного Китая. Образцы южной части материковой Восточной Азии и островов Тайваньского пролива из неолита демонстрируют явные связи с современными и древними образцами, имеющими Австронезийское происхождение, что подтверждает южнокитайское происхождение протоавстронезийцев. Связи между неолитическими прибрежными группами от Сибири и Японии до Вьетнама указывают на то, что миграция и генный поток играли важную роль в предыстории прибрежной Азии.