Появились тезисы 82-го съезда общества американской археологии:
http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/AnnualMeeting/Abstracts2017/tabid/1554/Default.aspx Вот самые интересные про палеогенетику:
[92] The Ones Who Stayed Behind? Genome-Wide Affinities of Okunev Remains from Bronze Age South Siberia and the Enduring Dialogue of Ancient DNA and Physical AnthropologyKim, Alexander (Harvard University, Dept. of Anthropology), Alexander Kozintsev (Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography), Nadin Rohland (Dept. of Genetics, Harvard Medical School), Swapan Mallick (Dept. of Genetics, Harvard Medical School) and David Reich (Dept. of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)
Genome-wide ancient DNA data from Upper Paleolithic Siberians and deep time series in Europe challenge many traditional models of relationships between Native Americans, West Eurasians, and East Asians—commonplace units in physical anthropology—by recasting them as fusions of prehistoric ancestry streams that may unexpectedly cross-cut or fracture these categories. We evaluate new and published genome-wide data from remains attributed to Okunev—an archaeological culture of the Middle Yenisei and eastern steppe in southern Siberia (latter third–first half second millennium BC), famous for slab graves, massive stelae, and fantastic zoomorphic and anthropomorphic petroglyphs—to test an unusual physical anthropological hypothesis. Russian anthropologists have argued Okunev remains to exhibit pronounced affinity to Native Americans, surpassing that of other ancient groups from the region as well as recent Siberians and Central Asians. Kozintsev et al. (1999), in the most systematic investigation, suggested Okunev people to derive much of their ancestry from late-persisting “collateral relatives” of Native Americans who remained in Eurasia. We evaluate this proposal in special light of the “Ancient North Eurasian” concept (sensu Lazaridis 2014) and offer considerations on the future of skeletal morphology in framing and motivating investigations of human population history.
Авторы хотят проверить гипотезу российских антропологов о том что окуневцы(бронзовый век среднего Енисея и Южной Сибири) представляют собой ближайших родственников индейцев.
[330] Ancient Genomics of Neolithic to Bronze Age Baikal Hunter-GatherersDamgaard, Peter de Barros (Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen), Jeremy Choin (Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen), Andrzej Weber (Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta), Martin Sikora (Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen) and Eske Willerslev (Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen)
Genome-wide data from hunter-gatherer populations of the Upper Paleolithic to Neolithic has provided unprecedented insight into the human evolutionary and demographic trajectory. However such datasets have hitherto been largely confined to Western Eurasia. The sole representative of Inner Asian past populations post-dating the split between paleolithic Europeans and Asians, as well as paleolithic Siberians and East Asians, are the Mal’ta and Afontova Gora individuals, the Ancient North East Asian (ANE) branch, clouding the dating of the population split, and subsequent admixture events, between ANE and East Asian hunter-gatherers. Our genome data (~1X) reveal that Baikal Hunter-Gatherers (BHG) are an uncharacterized genetically homogeneous branch of Inner Asian hunter-gatherers, displaying highest shared genetic drift with present-day East Asians. Targeted sampling strategies coupled to excellent biomolecule preservation has permitted the generation of an advantageous sample size dataset (n = 31), rendering possible to estimate allele frequencies within these groups, thereby optimizing population tests. BHG model as an excellent proxy for an Inner Asian source population admixing into the late Bronze Age Andronovo groups, becoming Iron Age steppe nomads. With genomes allowing for kinship analyses, pathogen detection and strontium ratios, coupled to archaeological interpretative approaches we extend possible means to elucidate behavioral processes and cultural transformation.
Авторя исследуют охотников-собирателей Байкальского региона от неолита до бронзового века. Генетически они тяготеют к восточным азиатам. Показано что степные кочевники железного века могут быть представлены как смесь андроновцев и популяции близкой к байкальским охотникам-собирателям.
[203] Ancient Egyptian Mummy Genomes Suggest an Increase of Sub-Saharan African Ancestry in Post-Roman PeriodsKrause, Johannes (Max Planck Institute—SHH), Verena Schuenemann (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen), Alexander Peltzer (Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Inst), Wolfgang Haak (Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Inst) and Stephan Schiffels (Department for Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Inst)
Egypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Here we mtDNA and nuclear DNA from mummified humans recovered from Middle Egypt that span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the Third Intermediate to the Roman Period. Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more Near Eastern ancestry than present-day Egyptians, who received additional Sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt’s past at a genome-wide level.
Авторы изучили мтДНК и ядерную ДНК мумий из Среднего Египта. Мумии датированы от 1000 г до н.э. до времён Римской империи, всего 1300 лет. Анализ показал что население Египта тех времён было более ближневосточным, было меньше африканской примеси по сравнению с современными египтянами. В комментариях некоторые отметили, что генетическая картина Древнего Царства Египта(3 тысячалетие до н.э) могла быть другой, так как в промежутке между были нашествие гиксосов, поток рабов с Ближнего Востока и т.д.
[146] The Forgotten Significance of the Later Stone Age Sites near Hora Mountain, Mzimba District, MalawiThompson, Jessica (Emory University), Alan Morris (University of Cape Town), Flora Schilt (University of Tuebingen), Andrew Zipkin (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and Kendra Sirak (Emory University)
In 1950, J. Desmond Clark led excavations at a Later Stone Age rockshelter at Hora Mountain, a large inselberg overlooking a modern floodplain in the Mzimba District of northern Malawi. At the Hora 1 site, he recovered two human skeletons, one male and one female, along with a rich—but superficially described and undated—cultural sequence. In 2016, our renewed excavations recovered a wealth of lithic, faunal, and other materials such as mollusk shell beads and ochre. Our reexamination of the skeletons also produced the first ancient DNA from the central African region, which together with previous morphological analysis demonstrates that the LSA foragers of the area cannot be readily fit within the known genetic and phenotypic parameters of living foragers. The significance of the Hora 1 site was made further clear by the relocation of several previously known sites also at the mountain, the discovery of four new rock art sites, and the discovery of four very rich new archaeological sites in the mountains adjacent to the floodplain. Here, we describe our renewed work and how it fits with the original findings to offer unprecedented promise for understanding the lifeways of Holocene foragers in central Africa.
Получена древняя ДНК из останков позднего каменного века в Малава - первая древняя ДНК из Центральной Африки.
[143] Andean Population Dynamics Revealed by Genome-Wide Data from the High Elevation Cuncaicha RockshelterPosth, Cosimo (Archaeogenetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History), Thiseas Lamnidis (Archaeogenetics Department, Max Planck Institute f), Stephan Schiffels (Archaeogenetics Department, Max Planck Institute f), Kurt Rademaker (Archaeogenetics Department, Max Planck Institute) and Johannes Krause (Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois Univ)
Present-day Andean human populations harbor a relatively high genetic diversity but a minimal population structure and differentiation among them. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome studies on precontact human remains suggest that both modern and ancient Andean populations derive from a single ancestral origin. However, nuclear ancient DNA (aDNA) data from the Andes in particular and South America in general are still too scarce to fully address questions on genetic continuity through time. The employment of enrichment techniques in the aDNA field now provides the opportunity of targeting over a million autosomal variants and increases the resolution on past population dynamics. Here we analyze mtDNA and genome-wide data of five human burials from the Cuncaicha rockshelter spanning between 9,000 and 4,000 years ago. Cuncaicha is an archaeological site at 4,480 m above sea level in the southern Peruvian highlands, which exhibits human occupation from the Late Pleistocene onward. Tracking genomic changes at the same site over a temporal transect will provide insights on the demographic processes shaping Andean populations across the Holocene.
МтДНК и ядерная ДНК пяти индивидуумов из нагорий Южного Перу, возрастом от 9000 до 4000 лет назад.
[115] Ancient DNA of a Nomadic Population Provides Evidence of the Genetic Structure of the Royal Ancient MongolsLi, Jiawei (School of Life Science, Jilin University), Ye Zhang (School of Life Science, Jilin University), Xiyan Wu (School of Life Science, Jilin University), Yongbin Zhao (College of Life Science, Jilin Normal University) and Hui Zhou (School of Life Science, Jilin University)
The genetic diversity of the ancient Mongols, especially the Gold family of Genghis Khan remains unclear. Gangga site was a nomadic site dated to the eighth to tenth centuries AD in the HulunBuir grassland, northeast China. This site belonged to the Shiwei population, believed to be the direct ancestors of the ancient Mongols. Nine graves at the Gangga site were excavated with log coffins, which were considered the characteristic burial custom of the royal ancient Mongols, included the Gold family of Genghis Khan. This suggests the Gangga people had a close relationship with the royal ancient Mongols. In this study, mitochondrial and Y-chromosome aDNA were extracted to analyze the genetic structure of the Shiwei population at the Gangga site. Haplogroups D, F, C, B, G, N9a were typed in the mtDNA. Haplogroup C-M130 was detected in Y-chromosome aDNA. Gangga people exhibited a high frequency of Haplogroup C-F3918 (belonging to C3*), indicating it may be the main Y-haplogroup in the Shiwei population. In addition, all Gangga males buried in log coffins exhibited C-F3918 suggesting that C-F3918 might be the characteristic Y-chromosome haplogroup of the royal ancient Mongols.
Исследовались погребения из Хулун-Буира, Внутренняя Монголия, Китай, датированные между 8-м и 10-м веками н.э. Погребения принадлежали шивеям, предположительно предкам монголов. Погребальный обряд был похож на тот который позднее применялся монголской знатью, в том числе чингизидами. Обнаружены мтДНК D, F, C, B, G, N9a и Y-хромосомы C-M130, в частности высокая частота C-F3918. Авторы предполагают что C-F3918 была характерна для монгольской знати.
Тема: Re: Результаты исследований дДНК (обсуждение) (Прочитано 646427 раз)