This message has two parts.
PART 1
I’ve sent in total 22 messages to Y-12 and Y-25 matches of my father asking about their intention to order the Big Y test, and 6 said they will order it in the near future or even ordered it after I told them the advantages of the Big Y test over their existing Y-STR (Y-12, Y-37, Y-67 or Y-111) test. In all the cases money was not the reason why they didn’t take the Big Y test, but the impression that the Big Y test will not offer much more information than the Y-STR test. I told them that Big Y offers a precise haplogroup shared by hundreds of men, whereas the Y-STR test offers a generic haplogroup (I-M253), shared by tens of millions of men, so it is obvious that the precise haplogroup has much more genealogical relevance than the generic haplogroup. I also told them about the Big Y matches, which are the men most closely related on the strict paternal line, whereas the Y-STR matches are unreliable when judging the closeness of the relationship. See the updated matches map below:https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1tAy-Hp70_oDeBaA0jJKE1W2flO8iS38&usp=sharing While waiting for the results, let’s go back to the genealogical speculation. In the first message from page 4 of this thread, I spoke about Guglielmo de Monteforte, nicknamed Carbone, mentioned on the site of the Monteforte Irpino commune in Italy. I said then that I didn’t find any document mentioning him on the internet. But then I searched better and this time I found the confirmation, from a notarial deed, that this man really existed. He was a vassal of Ruggero din Sanseverino, also known as (a.k.a) Ruggero I Sanseverino.---------------------
{automatic translation from Italian}
There is little information about the exercise of noble prerogatives, many of which concern the castle of Montoro (Avellino), which he [Ruggero di Sanseverino] owned since at least 1097. His presence at an assembly, held in 1109, during which the lord of Monteforte, Guglielmo Carbone, swore loyalty to Roberto, Ruggero's stepson, who invested him with the lands granted to him, located near San Severino, Lauro and Forino. He also presided over the drafting of a notarial deed, with which he exchanged a building located in Salerno with some lands of Montoro, ceded to the monastery of Cava (1112). He is also mentioned in a deed from 1116, with which he granted land, located near the castle, to a local notary.
https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ruggero-i-sanseverino_(Dizionario-Biografico)/He [Ruggero di Sanseverino] inherited from his father the title of Count of Rota and Lord of San Severino and other fiefdoms. Little information regarding his government is affiliated to the castle of Montoro, which he owned since at least 1097. He participated in an investiture assembly in 1109, during which the lord of Monteforte, Guglielmo Carbone, swore loyalty to Roberto, stepson of Ruggero. Guglielmo was invested with the lands located near San Severino, Lauro and Forino.
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruggero_I_Sanseverino----------------
Guglielmo de Monteforte, a.k.a. Guglielmo Carbone, was the lord [owner] of Monteforte Irpino in 1109. Guglielmo is the Italian version of the French name Guillaume, translated in English as William. He was a Norman, like his suzerain (overlord) Ruggero di Sanseverino. But it seems that with the passing of time, the owners of the Monteforte castle gave up on emphasizing their Norman origin, wanting to be recognized as local rulers, but not of foreign origin.-----------------
The charters of Montevergine offer a very interesting example, that of the lords of Monteforte [Irpino]. [Léon-Robert] Ménager, had already reported the cases of Richard, who in 1102 recalls the Norman origin of his father, Rao [Rolf, Rollo], and of Richard's son, Guillaume
qui dicitur Carbone [William, who is called Carbone], who in turn explains the Norman origin of his father, in 1112. What was not remarkable in Ménager's research and that can be useful, however, to note here, is that this type of information does not appear in the following testimonies: in 1138 and 1139, the same Guillaume [Guglielmo] Carbone defined his father Richard exclusively as lord of the castle of Monteforte, and in 1153 his grandson, also named Guillaume, goes so far as to reserve for himself the title of lord of the castle of Monteforte and Furino and only recalls the first name of his father Richard, [without the ethnicity]. They insist on the continuity of castle ownership, more than on the memory of the Norman origin of the family. In fact, around the 1140s, the need to present oneself as Norman seemed less essential, even for those who in the charters of previous years had recalled the Norman origin of their fathers, like Guillaume Carbone.
Rosa Canosa
Discours ethniques et pratiques du pouvoir des Normands d'Italie : sources narratives et documentaires (XIe -XIIe siècles)
https://www.academia.edu/29023259/Discours_ethniques_et_pratiques_du_pouvoir_des_Normands_dItalie_sources_narratives_et_documentaires_Xi_e_Xii_e_si%C3%A8cles_-------------------
Was Guglielmo Carbone a member of the Montfort family, who gave his name to the Monteforte commune, where he owned the land? It cannot be said for sure, but it’s plausible that members of the Montfort families from France participated to the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily by the Normans. Guglielmo Carbone appears in another document, 30 years later, in 1139.------------------
{automatic translation from Italian}
The Infornata mill is an ancient water mill in Avellino [Campania], attested as early as the 12th century along the banks of the Fenestrelle-Rigatore. Its existence, with the name of the “De Capu” mill, is attested in a document from 1139, with which the Norman Guglielmo Carbone, feudal lord of Monteforte, ceded half of it to the church of San Leonardo outside Avellino, dependent on the abbey of the Santissima Trinità of Cava de' Tirreni, while the other half belonged to the abbey of Montevergine.
{original text in Latin}
"Ego Guilelmus,qui me vocor Carbone, et fil[ius] dom[ni] Riccardi qui fuit dom[inus] castello Monteforte cum consensu dom. Goffridi fil[io] meo offero Mon. S. Leonardi a foras civit Avellini medietatem in molino quod vocatur De Capu cum integra medietate de mole et pecze et ferraturia et de palate et in partate et in aquiductis suis".
{automatic translation from Latin}
"I, William, who calls myself Carbone, and the son of Sir Richard, who was lord of the castle of Monteforte, with the consent of my son, Sir Geoffrey, offer to Mon[signor] S. Leonardi from outside the town of Avellino half of the mill called De Capu with the whole half of the bulk and the fish and the ironwork and of the palate and in the region and in its aqueducts.”
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulino_dell%27Infornata--------------------