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Very important news affecting most European G persons. By way of background, most European G persons belong to the G2a3b1 group. There are three main subgroupings.
(1) DYS388=13
(2) DYS568=9
(3) L13+ persons (G2a3b1a1)
For a long time we had thought that the DYS388=13 samples seen among Iranians might point to a possible origin there. But we reported here last month that two DYS388=13 samples from Iran are not cousins of the Europeans and not G2a3b1 at all. There are also some promising abbreviated samples from Georgia and nearby countries like DYS388=13 samples, but they may or may not turn out the same at the Iranian ones.
We have never found a DYS568=9 sample outside of Europe.
There are multiple samples from Iran and countries to the north that seem to be L13+ samples, but we lack the full testing needed to confirm or deny this.
With this in mind, we had a new Armenian anonymous sample reported this week with full SNP testing. Looking at his first 12 markers he seems to have the features of the DYS388=13 group without the 12 value. His 67-marker sample sticks out on the phylogenetic diagram from the L13 group, but it is on a long branch. We have had a dozen or so such men whose sample does not formally cluster and stick out on long branches, and they tend to move around the diagram with new samples. So I did not consider this significant.
This week his deep clade test was reported. And it was a bit shocking to learn that he is L13+. There is additional testing pending for the U1 SNP for him. U1 has slightly broader coverage, and all L13 persons have this. So if he is positive for U1 this will help confirm that the L13 test result was truly positive.
What are the implications of this new finding?
(1) The multiple samples we have seen in Georgia and surrounding countries that looked like they might be DYS388=13 persons may actually be L13+. While we can reliably identify them as G, now only SNP testing can tell the type of G.
(2) It was known that there was a gap in time between the separation of L13 persons from other G2a3b1 persons not accounted for. It was theorized that they were a separate group, but the L13 mutation had not yet developed during that period. But the marker values differences now suggest that L13 developed about 500 years earlier -- at perhaps about 3000 yrs ago.
(3) This new timeframe means that L13 persons could have entered Europe well before the Roman Empire.
(4) The European L13 persons have developed some major changes, especially in the DYS385 marker that all seem to have. Because of the info on the new length of time this DYS385 mutation could possibly have developed in a single man perhaps 2500 years ago. However, if L13+ persons with the same DYS385 findings exist in the Caucasus region and Iran, the dating may have to be revised earlier.
(5) The new sample does share with the European L13 persons the atypical value of 19,20 at marker YCA. This suggests that this mutation preceded the DYS385 mutation.
(6) This is the first ever proven L13 sample from the east