mtDNA Data Indicates a Single Origin for Dogs South of Yangtze River

[mouglley]

mtDNA Data Indicates a Single Origin for Dogs South of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 Years Ago, from Numerous Wolves Jun-Feng Pang, Cornelya Kluetsch, Xiao-Ju Zou, Ai-bing Zhang, Li-Yang Luo, Helen Angleby, Arman Ardalan, Camilla Ekstrom, Anna Skollermo, Joakim Lundeberg, Shuichi Matsumura, Thomas Leitner, Ya-Ping Zhang, Peter Savolainen

There is no generally accepted picture of where, when, and how the domestic dog originated. Previous studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have failed to establish the time and precise place of origin because of lack of phylogenetic resolution in the so far studied control region (CR), and inadequate sampling. We therefore analyzed entire mitochondrial genomes for 169 dogs to obtain maximal phylogenetic resolution and the CR for 1,543 dogs across the Old World for a comprehensive picture of geographical diversity. Hereby, a detailed picture of the origins of the dog can for the first time be suggested. We obtained evidence that the dog has a single origin in time and space and an estimation of the time of origin, number of founders, and approximate region, which also gives potential clues about the human culture involved. The analyses showed that dogs universally share a common homogenous gene pool containing 10 major haplogroups. However, the full range of genetic diversity, all 10 haplogroups, was found only in southeastern Asia south of Yangtze River, and diversity decreased following a gradient across Eurasia, through seven haplogroups in Central China and five in North China and Southwest (SW)Asia, down to only four haplogroups in Europe. The mean sequence distance to ancestral haplotypes indicates an origin 5,400–16,300 years ago (ya) from at least 51 female wolf founders. These results indicate that the domestic dog originated in southern China less than 16,300 ya, from several hundred wolves. The place and time coincide approximately with the origin of rice agriculture, suggesting that the dogs may have originated among sedentary hunter-gatherers or early farmers, and the numerous founders indicate that wolf taming was an important culture trait.

Хоть какая-то от нас польза, кроме вреда есть.

[I2a1a]

А ведь есть версия, что первоначально собак разводили сугубо в гастрономических целях.
Интересно, когда именно собачко превратилась из дилекатесного лакомства в друга человека?

[FELIX]

Dog DNA study reveals the incredible journey of man's best friend

http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/dec/15/dog-dna-study-reveals-the-extraordinary-journey-of-mans-best-friend?CMP=fb_gu

Descended from the grey wolf, domesticated dogs have been companions to humans for about 33,000 years, a genetic study has shown.

Man’s proverbial first best friend was probably a grey wolf that may have made contact with the first human companions about 33,000 years ago, somewhere in south-east Asia.
About 15,000 years ago, a small pack of domesticated dogs began trotting towards the Middle East and Africa. Canis lupus familiaris made it to Europe about 10,000 years ago, and when civilisation began in the Fertile Crescent, and humans began to build farmsteads and villages with walls, dogs were already there to help keep guard, herd the first flocks, and demand to be taken for a walk.
The details of the story – the characters, the action and the precise locations – are unknowable. But the outlines of the great adventure are written in DNA.
Scientists from China, Canada, Finland, Singapore, Sweden and the US report in the journal Cell Research that they compared the genomes, or genetic inheritances, of 58 canids. These included 12 grey wolves, 12 indigenous dogs from the north Chinese countryside, 11 from south-east Asia, four village dogs from Nigeria and 19 specimens of selective breeding from Asia, Europe and the Americas, including the Afghan hound, the Siberian husky, the Tibetan mastiff, the chihuahua and the German shepherd.
Because each genome is a text copied (with regular misspellings, or mutations) through the generations, and every genome is related to every other genome, any comparison begins to tell a story of family connections and separations long ago. The more “texts” that can be compared, the more certain the story they start to tell.
“After evolving for several thousand years in east Asia, a subgroup of dogs radiated out of southern East Asia about 15,000 years ago to the Middle East, Africa as well as Europe. One of these out-of-Asia lineages then migrated back to northern China and made a series of admixtures with endemic east Asian lineages, before travelling to the Americas,” the scientists say.
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“Our study, for the first time, reveals the extraordinary journey that the domestic dog has travelled on this planet during the past 33,000 years.”
The grey wolf connection has been made before, along with the link with East Asia. The scientists, led by Guo-Dong Wang, a molecular biologist at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, have once more confirmed it. The indigenous Chinese dogs revealed closer links to their wolf ancestors, and retained the greatest genetic variety, another indicator that the domestic canine began somewhere in East Asia. The modern European specialist breeds showed less genetic diversity, suggesting that they descended from a subset of the first dogs, and the DNA of village dogs of Africa showed even less diversity, implying that they owed their origins to an even smaller set of migrant ancestors.
But the same genetic evidence suggests that at least some dogs from Europe and western Asia may have travelled back into China to interbreed, complicating the story. The ancestral dog and wolf may have continued to interbreed for a while, but the scientists are confident enough of their findings not only to put a date for the emergence of what became the domestic dog – around 33,000 years ago – but even to guess at an original or founder population of about 4,600 individuals.
Whether these joined forces with Ice Age human hunter gatherers, or whether they stayed as wild as the wolves, scavenging on human kills, and subsequently joined up with human companions as part of the civilisation package about 15,000 years ago on the journey to the west, is still uncertain.
“Our study, for the first time, begins to reveal a large and complex landscape upon which a cascade of positive selective sweeps occurred during the domestication of dogs,” the scientists write. “The domestic dog represents one of the most beautiful genetic sculptures shaped by nature and man.”

[Fire]

У ранних Неолитийцев Ближнего востока была собака ?

[rozenblatt]

У ранних Неолитийцев Ближнего востока была собака ?

Уже у натуфийцев была домашняя собака: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440385700969 (копия в свободном доступе: http://tortenelemszak.uni-miskolc.hu/Hallgatoi_anyagok/BA_regeszet/oskori_kelet_forrasai/babos_o.pdf )