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дДНК из Марокко и Испании, неолит
« : 22 Сентябрь 2017, 01:30:29 »
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/09/21/191569

Neolithization of North Africa involved the migration of people from both the Levant and Europe

Rosa Fregel, Fernado L. Mendez, Youssef Bokbot, Dimas Martin-Socas, Maria D. Camalich-Massieu, Maria C. Avila-Arcos, Peter A. Underhill, Beth Shapiro, Genevieve L Wojcik, Morten Rasmussen, Andre E. R. Soares, Joshua Kapp, Alexandra Sockell, Francisco J. Rodriguez-Santos, Abdeslam Mikdad, Jonathan Santana, Aioze Trujillo-Mederos, Carlos D. Bustamante

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/191569

Abstract

One of the greatest transitions in the human story was the change from hunter-gatherer to farmer. How farming traditions expanded from their birthplace in the Fertile Crescent has always been a matter of contention. Two models were proposed, one involving the movement of people and the other based on the transmission of ideas. Over the last decade, paleogenomics has been instrumental in settling long-disputed archaeological questions, including those surrounding the Neolithic revolution. Compared to the extensive genetic work done on Europe and the Near East, the Neolithic transition in North Africa, including the Maghreb, remains largely uncharacterized. Archaeological evidence suggests this process may have happened through an in situ development from Epipaleolithic communities, or by demic diffusion from the Eastern Mediterranean shores or Iberia. In fact, Neolithic pottery in North Africa strongly resembles that of European cultures like Cardial and Andalusian Early Neolithic, the southern-most early farmer culture from Iberia. Here, we present the first analysis of individuals' genome sequences from early and late Neolithic sites in Morocco, as well as Andalusian Early Neolithic individuals. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans are distinct from any other reported ancient individuals and possess an endemic element retained in present-day Maghrebi populations, indicating long-term genetic continuity in the region. Among ancient populations, early Neolithic Moroccans share affinities with Levantine Natufian hunter-gatherers (~9,000 BCE) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic farmers (~6,500 BCE). Late Neolithic (~3,000 BCE) Moroccan remains, in comparison, share an Iberian component of a prominent European-wide demic expansion, supporting theories of trans-Gibraltar gene flow. Finally, the Andalusian Early Neolithic samples share the same genetic composition as the Cardial Mediterranean Neolithic culture that reached Iberia ~5,500 BCE. The cultural and genetic similarities of the Iberian Neolithic cultures with that of North African Neolithic sites further reinforce the model of an Iberian intrusion into the Maghreb.

Археол. памятник Образец мтДНК Y-ДНК
IAM(5300-4800 до н.э.) IAM.3 M1b1
Марокко IAM.4 U6a1b E-M35
IAM.5 U6a1b E-M35
IAM.6 U6a7
IAM.7 U6a3
KEB(3780-3650 до н.э.) KEB.1 X2b
Марокко KEB.3 K1a1b1
KEB.4 K1a1b1
KEB.6 K1a4a1 T-M184
KEB.7 T2b3
KEB.8 X2b
TOR(5280-4780 до н.э.) TOR.1 T2c1d
Испания TOR.5 J2b1a G-M201
TOR.6 T2b3
TOR.7 T2b3
TOR.8 K1a1
TOR.11 K1a2a
TOR.12 J2b1a
BOT, Испания BOT.1 K1a4a1

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Re: дДНК из Марокко и Испании, неолит
« Ответ #1 : 22 Сентябрь 2017, 03:00:19 »
Меня интересовал такой вопрос - WHG у современных североафриканцев это исключительно от фермеров или было влияние мезолитических европейцев? Кун отмечал палеоевропеоидные типажи у некотрых берберов.

 

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